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Observing seasonal variabilities of a permafrost landscape with PolSAR, InSAR and Pol-InSAR
Paloma Saporta;Alberto Alonso-Gonzalez;Jennika Hammar;Inge Grunberg;Julia Boike;Irena Hajnsek
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Year: 2025 | Early Access Article |
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing is an established approach for observing Earth processes. The combination of different types of SAR acquisitions in polarimetric, interferometric and polarimetric-interferometric frameworks is well studied for retrieving parameters of certain landscape features such as forests and glaciers. These frameworks have only been rarely applied to permafrost r...Show More
TanDEM-X: The 4D Mission Phase for Earth Surface Dynamics: Science activities highlights and new data products after 15 years of bistatic operations
Irena Hajnsek;Thomas Busche;Sahra Abdullahi;Markus Bachmann;Stefan V. Baumgartner;Allan Bojarski;Jose-Luis Bueso-Bello;Thomas Esch;Thomas Fritz;Alberto Alonso-Gonzalez;Carolina Gonzalez;Lanqing Huang;Thomas Kraus;Marie Lachaise;Shiyi Li;Francisco Lopez Dekker;Kathrin Maier;Michele Martone;Pietro Milillo;Josef Mittermayer;Matteo Nannini;Konstantinos Papathanassiou;Matteo Pardini;Muriel Pinheiro;Pau Prats-Iraola;Paola Rizzoli;Marc Rodriguez-Cassola;Achim Roth;Maximilian Schandri;Rolf Scheiber;Ulrich Steinbrecher;Barbara Schweisshelm;Michelangelo Villano;Leena Julia Warmedinger;Birgit Wessel;Gerhard Krieger;Manfred Zink;Alberto Moreira
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine
Year: 2025 | Early Access Article |
The main goal of the TerraSAR-X Add-On for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) mission is the generation of a global digital elevation model (DEM) of unprecedented accuracy and coverage. The global TanDEM-X DEM product became available in 2016, surpassed all expectations, and became a reference for a wide range of Earth science, commercial, and geospatial applications. In addition, new infor...Show More
TanDEM-X: The 4D Mission Phase for Earth Surface Dynamics: Science activities highlights and new data products after 15 years of bistatic operations
Irena Hajnsek;Thomas Busche;Sahra Abdullahi;Markus Bachmann;Stefan V. Baumgartner;Allan Bojarski;Jose-Luis Bueso-Bello;Thomas Esch;Thomas Fritz;Alberto Alonso-Gonzalez;Carolina Gonzalez;Lanqing Huang;Thomas Kraus;Marie Lachaise;Shiyi Li;Francisco Lopez Dekker;Kathrin Maier;Michele Martone;Pietro Milillo;Josef Mittermayer;Matteo Nannini;Konstantinos Papathanassiou;Matteo Pardini;Muriel Pinheiro;Pau Prats-Iraola;Paola Rizzoli;Marc Rodriguez-Cassola;Achim Roth;Maximilian Schandri;Rolf Scheiber;Ulrich Steinbrecher;Barbara Schweisshelm;Michelangelo Villano;Leena Julia Warmedinger;Birgit Wessel;Gerhard Krieger;Manfred Zink;Alberto Moreira
Year: 2025 | Early Access Article |
Sensitivity Analysis of Copolar Complex Coherence for Crop Monitoring At L-Band
Time series of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are usually employed for agricultural crop monitoring. Most methods exploit backscattering coefficients, radar vegetation indices (RVI), and outputs from target decompositions. This article investigates the sensitivity of the copolar complex coherence to the growth of three crop types (barley, corn, and canola) using L-band data fro...Show More
Hybrid Machine Learning Forest Height Estimation From TanDEM-X InSAR
Islam Mansour;Konstantinos Papathanassiou;Ronny Hänsch;Irena Hajnsek
Combining machine learning (ML) with physical models can significantly impact retrieval algorithms designed to invert geophysical parameters from remote sensing data. Such hybrid models integrate physical knowledge with domain expertise through a joint architecture, potentially enhancing performance by increasing the efficiency and flexibility of the physical model as well as the generalization an...Show More
Toward Dry Snow Parameter Estimation by Simultaneous Multiple Squint Differential InSAR
Andreas Benedikter;Kristina Belinska;Marc Rodriguez-Cassola;Pau Prats-Iraola;Georg Fischer;Gerhard Krieger;Irena Hajnsek
Spaceborne differential SAR interferometry (D-InSAR) has been demonstrated to potentially allow snow water equivalent (SWE) change measurements for dry snow on a spatial scale, resolution, and accuracy unprecedented by other sensor concepts. However, its operational use is hindered mainly because of: 1) low coherence areas resulting from temporal decorrelation, complicating a robust phase unwrappi...Show More
Kriging-Based Atmospheric Phase Screen Compensation Incorporating Time-Series Similarity in Ground-Based Radar Interferometry
Yuta Izumi;Giovanni Nico;Othmar Frey;Simone Baffelli;Irena Hajnsek;Motoyuki Sato
Accuracy of radar interferometry is often hindered by the atmospheric phase screen (APS). To address this limitation, the geostatistical approach known as Kriging has been employed to predict APS from sparse observations for compensation purposes. In this article, we propose an enhanced Kriging approach to achieve more accurate APS predictions in ground-based (GB) radar interferometry applications...Show More
Combining Differential SAR Interferometry and Copolar Phase Differences for Snow Water Equivalent Estimation
The amount of water in a snow pack can be described by the snow water equivalent (SWE). SWE is a crucial parameter for hydrological models, for example, for flood predictions. Previous studies have shown that the interferometric phase between two repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements can be used to determine the change in SWE. However, a limitation of this method is phase wraps. ...Show More
Correction of The Penetration Bias for Insar Dem Via Synergetic Ai-Physical Modeling: A Greenland Case Study
Islam Mansour;Georg Fischer;Ronny Hänsch;Irena Hajnsek;Konstantinos Papathanassiou
IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2024 | Conference Paper |
Rapid changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet require precise elevation monitoring to understand ice dynamics and predict sea level rise. X-band Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has the potential for this purpose but is limited by microwave signal penetration biases, which can be a few meters. We present a novel hybrid modeling approach that integrates machine learning (ML) with physica...Show More
Polarimetric Analysis of Biseasonal Monostatic and Bistatic Radar Observations of a Glacier Accumulation Zone at Ku-Band
We present ground-based Ku-band radar observations of the snow cover on top of the Great Aletsch Glacier carried out over two observation periods, in August 2021 and in March 2022. The observations were carried out with the combined mono/bistatic version of KAPRI, a full-polarimetric radar system, and revealed substantial differences between the scattering behavior of the snow cover between the tw...Show More
The Potential of Multifrequency Spaceborne DInSAR Measurements for the Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent
Kristina Belinska;Georg Fischer;Giuseppe Parrella;Irena Hajnsek
The snow water equivalent (SWE) is the amount of water contained in a snow pack and is, therefore, an important variable for hydrological and climate models. Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) techniques can relate the interferometric phase of two repeat-pass SAR acquisitions to the SWE change between them. However, only a limited interval of SWE change can be retrieved...Show More
A Novel Atmospheric Phase Correction Based on Kriging Incorporating Temporal Phase Evolution for Ground-Based SAR
Yuta Izumi;Othmar Frey;Motoyuki Sato;Simone Baffelli;Giovanni Nico;Irena Hajnsek
2023 8th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
In ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) interferometry applications, the generated interferograms often suffer from propagation delay in the troposphere, known as atmospheric phase screen (APS). Kriging interpolation is one of the approaches that can predict the APS in interferograms. In this presentation, we propose a novel Kriging approach for more accurate predictions of APS in multi-...Show More
Constrained Tensor Decompositions for SAR Data: Agricultural Polarimetric Time Series Analysis
Tensor decompositions are a powerful tool for multidimensional data analysis, interpretation, and signal processing. This work develops a constrained tensor decomposition framework for complex multidimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The framework generalizes the canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition by formulating it as an optimization problem and allows precise control over the shap...Show More
TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X After 13 Years of Joint SAR and DEM Mission
Markus Bachmann;Allan Bojarski;Johannes Böer;Stefan Buckreuss;Christo Grigorov;Irena Hajnsek;Ralph Kahle;Thomas Kraus;Patrick Klenk;Kay Müller;Ulrich Steinbrecher;Maximilian Schandri;Manfred Zink
IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (2)
The German SAR satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X are in orbit since 2007 and 2010, respectively. This paper gives an overview about the challenges faced by such long-enduring missions, recent measures taken to preserve the satellites and to continue the mission, and major lessons learned for future SAR missions.Show More
Bistatic Radar Measurements of Terrestrial Snow at Ku-band - Phenomena, Models, and Opportunities
Marcel Stefko;Philipp Bernhard;Silvan Leinss;Othmar Frey;Irena Hajnsek
IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
We present the results of recent observations of terrestrial snow cover with KAPRI, a Ku-band polarimetric-interferometric radar system with bistatic capabilities. The bistatic configuration allows observation of phenomena which are not observable in the monostatic regime. Observations of polarization phase differences of snow cover on top of the Great Aletsch Glacier revealed that the behaviour o...Show More
Real-Time Simulation of Synthetic Aperture Radar for Educational Augmented-Reality Applications
IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an advanced measurement technique, which is often the subject of discussions between remote sensing experts, as well as other specialists and members of the general public. These discussions can however be hindered by misunderstandings caused by the rather complex principles of SAR acquisitions. We present the implementation of SAR2, an augmented-reality app for t...Show More
Sea Ice Topographic Retrieval in the Western Weddell Sea from Tandem-X
IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) offers the potential to generate sea ice digital elevation models (DEMs) despite the inherent dynamics of sea ice. However, the accuracy of sea ice DEM generation from InSAR is hindered by the varying penetration bias across different types of ice. This paper presents a new scheme to generate sea ice DEMs (i.e., snow freeboard) across di...Show More
Wet Snow Mapping In Karakoram Using Sar And Topographic Data
IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Mapping seasonal wet snow (WS) is essential for climate research, hydrological assessments and natural hazards management. It is especially crucial in Karakoram as the the water supply in the region is dominated by snow melting. However, the complex terrain in Karakoram brings great challenge when employing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for WS mapping. In this work, we present an algorithm t...Show More
Soil Permittivity Estimation Over Croplands Using Full and Compact Polarimetric SAR Data
Narayanarao Bhogapurapu;Subhadip Dey;Avik Bhattacharya;Carlos López-Martínez;Irena Hajnsek;Y. S. Rao
Soil permittivity estimation using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data has been an extensively researched area. Nonetheless, it provides ample scope for further improvements. The vegetation cover over the soil surface leads to a complex interaction of the incident polarized wave with the canopy and subsequently with the underlying soil surface. This article introduces a novel metho...Show More
Towards a Symbiosis of Model-Based and Machine Learning Forest Height Estimation based on TanDEM-X InSAR
Islam Mansour;Konstantinos Papathanassiou;Ronny Haensch;Irena Hajnsek
EUSAR 2022; 14th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
There is a necessity for developing and incorporating retrieval models, including Physical Models (PMs) and Machine Learning (ML) models for the inversion of geophysical parameters from multi-parameter SAR data. Over the last two decades, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements have been used for forest height estimation by means of (physical) model inversion. However, the in...Show More
TanDEM-X and Sentinel-2: Opportunities for Investigating Retrogressive Thaw Slumps
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
Among the most rapid and dramatic changes related to Arctic permafrost thaw are retrogressive thaw slumps. These slumps evolve by a retreat of the slump headwall during the summer months, making their change visible by comparing digital elevation models over time or by identifying the induced vegetation changes in time-series of optical satellite images. In this study we use digital elevation mode...Show More
Snow Characterization at Ku-Band with a Bistatic Polarimetric Ground-Based Radar
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
The Ku-band provides opportunities for investigations of snow morphology through radar observations, since it exhibits a relatively high amount of scattering even from snow layers of limited depth, while maintaining low absorption. Due to technological and practical challenges, the bistatic parameter space of Ku-band radar observations of natural media such as snow, has been relatively unexplored....Show More
Soil Permittivity Estimation over Croplands Using Polsar Data
Naravanarao Bhogapurapu;Subhadip Dey;Avik Bhattacharya;Carlos López-Martínez;Irena Hajnsek;Y. S. Rao
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has been extensively used to estimate soil permittivity because of its high sensitivity to the dielectric properties of the target. However, the presence of vegetation cover induces bias in the permittivity estimates. This work utilizes the scattering-type parameters: alpha (\overline{\alpha}) and theta (\theta_{\text{FP}}) to estimate soil perm...Show More
TanDEM-X: Mission Status and Science Activities
Irena Hajnsek;Alberto Moreira;Manfred Zink;Stefan Buckreuss;Thomas Kraus;Markus Bachmann;Thomas Busche
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
The paper provides an up-to-date overview of the German TanDEM-X satellite mission status and its ongoing science activities. The global digital elevation model (DEM) of TanDEM-X became available in 2016 and surpassed all expectations: It has 99.9% coverage, 12-m posting, absolute height accuracy of approximately 1 m and a relative height error (standard deviation) of 0.8 m. This unique data set h...Show More
Investigation of Polarimetric Phase Differences in Tandem-X Data Over Young and Undeformed Sea ICE
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
Single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is an effective technique for sea ice topographic retrieval despite the dynamics of sea ice. Co-polarimetric phase differences (CPD) provide scattering information concerning the sea ice properties. This study estimates the observational CPD from the dual-polarimetric SAR images over young ice (YI) and undeformed ice (UI) in the Western ...Show More
Intercomparison of Earth Observation Data and Methods for Forest Mapping in the Context of Forest Carbon Monitoring
Oleg Antropov;Jukka Miettinen;Tuomas Häme;Rauste Yrjö;Lauri Seitsonen;Ronald E McRoberts;Maurizio Santoro;Oliver Cartus;Natalia Malaga Duran;Martin Herold;Matteo Pardini;Kostas Papathanassiou;Irena Hajnsek
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (2)
ESA Forest Carbon Monitoring project (FCM) is developing Earth Observation based, user-centric approaches for forest carbon monitoring. Forest carbon accounting based on forest inventory requires precise and timely estimation of forest variables at various spatial levels accompanied by verifiable uncertainty information. In this paper, we present the algorithm trade-off and selection approach and ...Show More
Intercomparison of Earth Observation Data and Methods for Forest Mapping in the Context of Forest Carbon Monitoring
Oleg Antropov;Jukka Miettinen;Tuomas Häme;Rauste Yrjö;Lauri Seitsonen;Ronald E McRoberts;Maurizio Santoro;Oliver Cartus;Natalia Malaga Duran;Martin Herold;Matteo Pardini;Kostas Papathanassiou;Irena Hajnsek
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
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