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S. A. Watson - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

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Radiographic imaging and tomography (RadIT), which started with Röntgen's seminal X-ray work in 1895, now includes an increasing number of IT modalities. In addition to the original absorption-based X-ray radiography, others include phase contrast X-ray imaging, coherent X-ray diffractive imaging, MeV X- and \gamma -ray radiography, X-ray computed tomography, proton IT, neutron IT, positron em...Show More
In megavolt radiography the detection efficiency of conventional detectors is low due to the small interaction probability of the high energy radiation. Segmented scintillators improve the efficiency of detector systems mainly through an increased density. Various segmented scintillators have been compared to a commercial powdered scintillator screen in terms of their modulation transfer function,...Show More
Radiography is an important tool for determining the internal structure of objects of interest to the emergency response community. The inherent density of these objects often requires high-energy x-ray or gamma-rays which limits the range of available radiation sources/generators. Man-portable, low-power, megavolt sources currently do not exist. A megavolt x-ray system (MEXRAY) has been developed...Show More
The Los Alamos National Laboratory's Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility (DARHT) generates flash radiographs of explosive experiments using two linear induction electron accelerators situated at right angles. The DARHT second axis accelerator generates an 18-MeV, 2 kA, 2 musec electron beam which is converted or ldquochoppedrdquo into four individual pulses ranging from 20 to 100 nse...Show More
Despite a century-old patent, and wide application at lower energies, the fabrication of thick anti-scatter "Bucky" grids for application at megavolt energies has been an elusive goal. We discuss the design, fabrication and testing of a 45 cm-diameter grid with a focal length of 525 cm for use at the 20 MeV DARHT flash radiography facility. The predominant difficulties overcome were: (1) understan...Show More
A 512/spl times/512-element, multi-frame charge-coupled device (CCD) has been developed for collecting four sequential image frames at megahertz rates. To operate at fast frame rates with high sensitivity, the imager uses an electronic shutter technology developed for back-illuminated CCDs. The megahertz frame rates also required metal strapping of the polysilicon gate electrodes. Tested imagers h...Show More
The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) facility will use two perpendicular electron linear induction accelerators to produce intense, bremsstrahlung X-ray pulses for flash radiography. We intend to produce measurements containing 3D information with sub-millimeter spatial of the interior features of very dense explosively driven objects. The facility will be completed in two phases ...Show More
An in-line holographic imaging system has been developed for hydrodynamic experiments at the Pegasus facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Holography offers the unique capability to record distributions of particles over a three dimensional volume. The system to be discussed is used to measure particle distributions of ejecta emitted after a cylindrical aluminum liner (5.0 cm in diam...Show More
The PHERMEX (Pulsed High-Energy Radiographic Machine Emitting X-rays) standing-wave linear accelerator is a high- current electron beam generator used for flash-radiography. An improved electron gun has been designed employing a flat-thermionic cathode to replace the existing Pierce-geometry gun. The flat cathode yields increased current with the same applied voltage and cathode area as the Pierce...Show More
The focal spot size of an X-ray source is a critical parameter which degrades resolution in a flash radiograph. For best results, a small round focal spot is required. Therefore, a fast and accurate measurement of the spot size is highly desirable to facilitate machine tuning. This paper describes two systems developed for Los Alamos National Laboratory's Pulsed High-Energy Radiographic Machine Em...Show More
Recent advances in time-to-digital converters (TDCs) have made 50-MHz RF phase measurement possible without the use of double-balanced mixers. These advances allow zero crossing discriminators to be used in conjunction with fast CAMAC TDCs to make amplitude-independent phase measurements. This method uses a time interval proportional to the phase angle, thus eliminating the calculations and calibr...
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