W. E. Fowler - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

Scheduled Maintenance on Monday 1/13/2025

Single article sales and account management will be unavailable from 5:00 AM - 7:00 PM ET (09:00 - 23:00 UTC). We apologize for the inconvenience.

IEEE.org
IEEE Xplore
IEEE SA
IEEE Spectrum
More Sites

- Donate
- Personal Sign In

Institutional Sign In

Institutional Sign In

ADVANCED SEARCH

Author details

W. E. Fowler

Also published under: W. Fowler, William E. Fowler

Publications

34

Citations

315

Publications by Year

19922015

Co-Authors:

R. G. AdamsG. AdamsD. AndersonH. D. AndersonK. Androlewicz

Show All Co-Authors (169)

W. E. Fowler

Also published under: W. Fowler, William E. Fowler

Affiliation

Sandia National Laboratories

Albuquerque

NM, USA

Publication Topics

Transmission Line,
Nuclear Security,
Pulsed Power,
Coaxial Line,
Electrode,
Energy National,
Gauge Factor,
High Voltage,
National Nuclear Security Administration,
Output Pulse,
Pulse Shape,
Sandia National Laboratories

Biography

William E. Fowler received the B.S. in Mechanical Engineering Technology degree from Kansas State University, Manhattan, in 1985.,Since 1985, he has been with Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, where he has been working in the field of pulsed-power sciences since 1988. He has worked on numerous aspects of pulsed power, including ion and electron beam diode design, diagnostics, RF cleaning techniques of transmission line surfaces, wire array load research, system automation, and LTD development.(Based on document published on 8 January 2010).

Publications

34

Citations

315

Publications by Year

19922015

Co-Authors:

R. G. Adams
G. Adams
D. Anderson
H. D. Anderson
K. Androlewicz

Show All Co-Authors (169)

Author's Published Works

Search History

Showing 1-19 of 19 results

Conferences (15)

Journals (4)

Sort

Filter Results

Show

Open Access Only

Range
Single Year
G.C. Tisone(9)
G. C. Tisone(6)
K. W. Bieg(5)
B.F. Clark(5)
J. E. Bailey(5)
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA(9)
Sandia Nat. Lab., Albuquerque, NM, USA(3)
Sandia National Laboratories(3)
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, US(3)
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel(2)
1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams(3)
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams(3)
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science(3)
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1992 IEEE International Conference on Plasma(2)
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics(2)
IEEE(19)
Buffalo, NY, USA(3)
Novosibirsk, USSR(3)
Washington, DC, USA(3)
Tampa, FL, USA(2)
Vancouver, BC, Canada(2)
Ion Source(13)
Ion Beam(12)
Anode Surface(9)
Inertial Confinement Fusion(9)
Dye Laser(7)

Select All on Page

Sort By

Results

Spectroscopic measurements of ion source divergence in a high-power applied-B ion diode

A.B. Filuk;J.E. Bailey;A.L. Carlson;B.F. Clark;P. Lake;G. Tisone;Y.C. Maron

International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS)

Year: 1993 | Conference Paper |

Summary form only given. State-of-the-art space- and time-resolved visible spectroscopy measurements have been performed in the anode-cathode (AK) gap of the high-power applied-B ion diode of the particle beam fusion accelerator II (PBFA II) to study the energy of ions and atoms transverse to the direction of acceleration. The line profiles show strong broadening and shifting in general. These pro...Show More

Spectroscopic measurements of ion source divergence in a high-power applied-B ion diode

A.B. Filuk;J.E. Bailey;A.L. Carlson;B.F. Clark;P. Lake;G. Tisone;Y.C. Maron

International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS)

Year: 1993 | Conference Paper |

LEVIS active anode lithium ion source development on PBFA-II

T.J. Renk;G.C. Tisone;R.G. Adams;B.F. Clark;C. Reyes;J.E. Bailey;A.B. Filuk;M.P. Desjarlais;D.J. Johnson;A.L. Carlson;P. Lake

International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS)

Year: 1993 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (3)

Summary form only given. Experiments are ongoing on the PBFA-II accelerator to optimize an active lithium ion source in a 15-cm focusing applied-B ion diode using the LEVIS (Laser Evaporation Ion Source) process. Spectroscopic observations indicate the presence of a preformed anode plasma prior to the power pulse. However, the time between application of high voltage and the initiation of signific...Show More

LEVIS active anode lithium ion source development on PBFA-II

T.J. Renk;G.C. Tisone;R.G. Adams;B.F. Clark;C. Reyes;J.E. Bailey;A.B. Filuk;M.P. Desjarlais;D.J. Johnson;A.L. Carlson;P. Lake

International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS)

Year: 1993 | Conference Paper |

Laser formation of lithium plasma ion sources for applied-B ion diodes on the PBFA-II accelerator

Gaiy C. Tisone;T. J. Renk;D. J. Johnson;R. A. Gerber;R. G. Adams

1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

An active ion source, LEVIS (Laser Evaporation Ion Source), using a short pulsed Nd laser (1.06 m, 8ns) to form a thin Li vapor layer and a tuned dye laser (670.8nm, μsec) for ionization is being developed at Sandia. The LEVIS process has been developed and characterized in the laboratory. Initial experiments using these ion sources on PBFA-II produced ion beams with a low fraction of lithium ions...Show More

Laser formation of lithium plasma ion sources for applied-B ion diodes on the PBFA-II accelerator

Gaiy C. Tisone;T. J. Renk;D. J. Johnson;R. A. Gerber;R. G. Adams

1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1992 | Volume: 2 | Conference Paper |

Spectroscopic characterization of LEVIS active ion source on PBFA II

A. B. Filuk;J. E. Bailey;K. W. Bieg;A. L. Carlson;T. J. Renk;G. C. Tisone;Y. Maron

1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

The laser-initiated LEVIS source is intended to provide an active source in the PBFA II ion diode by generation of a preformed lithium anode plasma. Visible spectra recorded with a streaked spectrograph are used to help evaluate the source performance. The absence of Stark shifting of the Li I 2p-3d and 2s-2p light confirms that a plasma is created over the anode surface. At lower LEVIS laser inte...Show More

Spectroscopic characterization of LEVIS active ion source on PBFA II

A. B. Filuk;J. E. Bailey;K. W. Bieg;A. L. Carlson;T. J. Renk;G. C. Tisone;Y. Maron

1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1992 | Volume: 2 | Conference Paper |

Progress in lithium beam focusing and beam-target interaction experiments at Sandia National Laboratories

T. A. Mehlhorn;L. D. Bacon;J. E. Bailey;D. D. Bloomquist;G. A. Chandler;R. S. Coats;D. L. Cook;M. E. Cuneo;M. S. Derzon;M. P. Desjarlais;R. J. Dukart;A. B. Filuk;T. A. Haill;D. L. Hanson;D. J. Johnson;R. J. Leeper;T. R. Lockner;C. W. Mendel;L. P. Mix;A. R. Moats;J. P. Quintenz;T. D. Pointon;T. J. Renk;G. E. Rochau;S. E. Rosenthal;C. L. Ruiz;D. B. Seidel;S. A. Slutz;R. W. Stinnett;W. A. Stygar;G. C. Tisone;R. E. Olson;J. P. Van Devender;D. F. Wenger

1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

Significant progress in the generation and focusing of ion beams generated by PBFA-II has enabled us to begin experiments in ion beam coupling and target physics. Data from these experiments indicates that we can reproducibly deliver ∼50 KJ of 5 MeV protons at an average power intensity of 3.5 TW/cm2 to a 6 mm diameter by 6 mm tall cylindrical target. The implosion of spherical exploding pusher ta...Show More

Progress in lithium beam focusing and beam-target interaction experiments at Sandia National Laboratories

T. A. Mehlhorn;L. D. Bacon;J. E. Bailey;D. D. Bloomquist;G. A. Chandler;R. S. Coats;D. L. Cook;M. E. Cuneo;M. S. Derzon;M. P. Desjarlais;R. J. Dukart;A. B. Filuk;T. A. Haill;D. L. Hanson;D. J. Johnson;R. J. Leeper;T. R. Lockner;C. W. Mendel;L. P. Mix;A. R. Moats;J. P. Quintenz;T. D. Pointon;T. J. Renk;G. E. Rochau;S. E. Rosenthal;C. L. Ruiz;D. B. Seidel;S. A. Slutz;R. W. Stinnett;W. A. Stygar;G. C. Tisone;R. E. Olson;J. P. Van Devender;D. F. Wenger

1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1992 | Volume: 1 | Conference Paper |

Sabre (Sandia Accelerator And Beam Research Experiment): A Test Bed For The Light Ion Fusion Program

M.E. Cuneo;D.L. Hanson;P.F. McKay;J.E. Maenchen;G.C. Tisone;R.G. Adams;T. Nash;M. Bernard;C. Boney;J.R. Chavez;W.F. Fowler;J. Ruscetti;W.F. Steams;D. Noack;D.F. Wenger

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1992 IEEE International Conference on Plasma

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

First Page of the Article

Sabre (Sandia Accelerator And Beam Research Experiment): A Test Bed For The Light Ion Fusion Program

M.E. Cuneo;D.L. Hanson;P.F. McKay;J.E. Maenchen;G.C. Tisone;R.G. Adams;T. Nash;M. Bernard;C. Boney;J.R. Chavez;W.F. Fowler;J. Ruscetti;W.F. Steams;D. Noack;D.F. Wenger

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1992 IEEE International Conference on Plasma

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

LEVIS Lithium Ion Source Experiments On PBFA-II

T.J. Ronk;G.C. Tisone;R.G. Adams;M. Lopez;B.F. Clark;J. Schroeder;J.E. Bailey;A.B. Filuk;A.L. Carlson

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1992 IEEE International Conference on Plasma

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

First Page of the Article

LEVIS Lithium Ion Source Experiments On PBFA-II

T.J. Ronk;G.C. Tisone;R.G. Adams;M. Lopez;B.F. Clark;J. Schroeder;J.E. Bailey;A.B. Filuk;A.L. Carlson

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1992 IEEE International Conference on Plasma

Year: 1992 | Conference Paper |

Characterizatin of LEVIS (laser evaporation ion source) for light ion inertial confiement fusion

M.E. Cuneo;G.C. Tisone;B.F. Clark;J.R. Chavez;M. Lopez

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1991 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1991 | Conference Paper |

LEVIS (Laser EVaporation lon Source) [1] is being developed as an active ion source for intense applied-B ion diodes in the light ion fusion program at Sandia. This technique uses either a dye laser (670.8 nm, 1 μs), an Nd:YAG laser (1.06 μ, 8 ns), or some combination of the two to evaporate lithium from various thin-film/substrate combinations. This source has been fielded on ion diodes on both t...

First Page of the Article

Characterizatin of LEVIS (laser evaporation ion source) for light ion inertial confiement fusion

M.E. Cuneo;G.C. Tisone;B.F. Clark;J.R. Chavez;M. Lopez

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1991 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1991 | Conference Paper |

A Refractive INdex Gradient (RING) diagnostic for transient discharges or expansions of vapor or plasmas

M.E. Cuneo;T.R. Lockner;G.C. Tisone

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

Year: 1991 | Volume: 19, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (20)

The refractive index gradient (RING) diagnostic described uses a fast, silicon, photodiode quadrant detector with a differential amplifier to temporally detect the refraction of a CW laser by transient discharges or expansions of vapor, gas, or plasma. The method is a local one-dimensional time-resolved, quantitative, species-discriminating (i.e., atoms or electrons) Schlieren technique. The diagn...Show More

A Refractive INdex Gradient (RING) diagnostic for transient discharges or expansions of vapor or plasmas

M.E. Cuneo;T.R. Lockner;G.C. Tisone

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

Year: 1991 | Volume: 19, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

A laser-produced lithium ion source for pulsed-power inertial confinement fusion

K. W. Bieg;G. C. Tisone;T. R. Lockner;J. E. Bailey;M. E. Cuneo;B. F. Clark;J. E. Potter;L. P. Schanwald

1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

We are investigating direct laser-produced plasmas as an ion source for the PBFA II pulsed power accelerator. Laser-generated plasmas have several potential advantages for this application, including the ability to generate a pre-formed anode plasma, simplicity, and flexibility. Previous experiments have shown that a high-density lithium plasma can be produced by direct laser irradiation of a soli...Show More

A laser-produced lithium ion source for pulsed-power inertial confinement fusion

K. W. Bieg;G. C. Tisone;T. R. Lockner;J. E. Bailey;M. E. Cuneo;B. F. Clark;J. E. Potter;L. P. Schanwald

1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

Ion beam generation and focusing on PBFA II

R. W. Stinnett;J. E. Bailey;K. W. Bieg;R. S. Coats;G. Chandler;M. S. Derzon;M. P. Desjarlais;P. L. Dreike;R A. Gerber;D. J. Johnson;R. J. Leeper;T. R. Lockner;J. Maenchen;T. A. Mehlhorn;A. L. Pregenzer;J. P. Quintenz;T. J. Renk;S. E. Rosenthal;C. L. Ruiz;S. A. Slutz;W. A. Stygar;G. C. Tisone;J. R. Woodworth;Y. Maron

1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (1)

During the past year we have succeeded in obtaining a 5 TW/cm2 proton focus1 on Sandia National Laboratories' Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA) II. This has allowed us to shift our experimental emphasis to the implementation of an improved ion diode geometry for higher voltage operation, full azimuthal beam characterization, and especially lithium ion source experiments. We have made signifi...Show More

Ion beam generation and focusing on PBFA II

R. W. Stinnett;J. E. Bailey;K. W. Bieg;R. S. Coats;G. Chandler;M. S. Derzon;M. P. Desjarlais;P. L. Dreike;R A. Gerber;D. J. Johnson;R. J. Leeper;T. R. Lockner;J. Maenchen;T. A. Mehlhorn;A. L. Pregenzer;J. P. Quintenz;T. J. Renk;S. E. Rosenthal;C. L. Ruiz;S. A. Slutz;W. A. Stygar;G. C. Tisone;J. R. Woodworth;Y. Maron

1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

Light ion sources and target results on PBFA II

D. L. Cook;J. E. Bailey;K. W. Bieg;D. D. Bloomquist;R. S. Coats;G. C. Chandler;M. E. Cuneo;M. S. Derzon;M. P. Desjarlais;P. L. Dreike;R. J. Dukart;R. A. Gerber;D. J. Johnson;R. J. Leeper;T. R. Lockner;D. H. McDaniel;J. E. Maenchen;M. K. Matzen;T. A. Mehlhorn;L. P. Mix;A. R. Moats;W. E. Nelson;T. D. Pointon;A. L. Pregenzer;J. P. Quintenz;T. J. Renk;S. E. Rosenthal;C. L. Ruiz;S. A. Slutz;R. W. Stinnett;W. A. Stygar;G. C. Tisone;J. R. Woodworth;J. P. VanDevender

1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

Advances in ion beam theory, diagnostics, and experiments in the past two years have enabled efficient generation of intense proton beams on PBFA II, and focusing of the beam power to 5.4 TW/cm2 on a 6-mm-diameter target. Target experiments have been started with the intense proton beams, since the range of protons at 4–5 MeV is equivalent to that of lithium at 30 MeV. Three series of experiments ...Show More

Light ion sources and target results on PBFA II

D. L. Cook;J. E. Bailey;K. W. Bieg;D. D. Bloomquist;R. S. Coats;G. C. Chandler;M. E. Cuneo;M. S. Derzon;M. P. Desjarlais;P. L. Dreike;R. J. Dukart;R. A. Gerber;D. J. Johnson;R. J. Leeper;T. R. Lockner;D. H. McDaniel;J. E. Maenchen;M. K. Matzen;T. A. Mehlhorn;L. P. Mix;A. R. Moats;W. E. Nelson;T. D. Pointon;A. L. Pregenzer;J. P. Quintenz;T. J. Renk;S. E. Rosenthal;C. L. Ruiz;S. A. Slutz;R. W. Stinnett;W. A. Stygar;G. C. Tisone;J. R. Woodworth;J. P. VanDevender

1990 8th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

BOLVAPS/LIBORS lithium source experiments on PBFA-II

T.J. Renk;P.L. Dreike;G.C. Tisone;G. Chandler;R.R. Johnston;K.P. Lamppa;B.F. Clark

1990 Plasma Science IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

Summary form only given. BOLVAPS/LIBORS experiments have as a goal the development of a preformed lithium anode plasma layer from which a focusing ion beam can be generated immediately upon arrival of the generator power pulse. Lithium plasmas with average electron densities of >2×1016 cm-3 and 2-mm thickness have been made using BOLVAPS/LIBORS on small-scale films on polished alumina substrates. ...Show More

BOLVAPS/LIBORS lithium source experiments on PBFA-II

T.J. Renk;P.L. Dreike;G.C. Tisone;G. Chandler;R.R. Johnston;K.P. Lamppa;B.F. Clark

1990 Plasma Science IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts

Year: 1990 | Conference Paper |

Development of the BOLVAPS/LIBORS lithium ion source for the PBFA II accelerator

P.L. Dreike;G.C. Tisone;D.B. Appel;F.P. Gerstle;K.P. Lamppa;D.M. Mattox;H.L. McCollister;R.H. Moore;T.J. Renk

IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1989 | Conference Paper |

Summary Form only given, as follows. A millimeter-thickness 10/sup 16/-10/sup 17/-cm/sup -3/ Li plasma ion source for the PBFA II applied-B ion diode is described. BOLVAPS (Boil-Off Lithium VAPor Source) is a technique for making a thin layer of Li vapor by rapid ohmic heating of a thin-film laminate, one layer of which contains Li. LIBORS (Laser Ionization Based On Resonance Saturation) is a tech...Show More

Development of the BOLVAPS/LIBORS lithium ion source for the PBFA II accelerator

P.L. Dreike;G.C. Tisone;D.B. Appel;F.P. Gerstle;K.P. Lamppa;D.M. Mattox;H.L. McCollister;R.H. Moore;T.J. Renk

IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1989 | Conference Paper |

BOLVAPS/LIPORS experiments on PBFA-II

T.J. Renk;R.R. Johnston;P.L. Dreike;G.C. Tisone;J.E. Maenchen

IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1989 | Conference Paper |

Summary Form only given, as follows. BOLVAPS/LIBORS lithium ion source experiments have as a goal the development of a preformed lithium anode plasma layer from which an ion beam can be generated immediately upon the arrival of the generate power pulse. BOLVAPS (Boil-Off Lithium VAPor Source) is a technique for making a thin layer of Li vapor by rapid ohmic heating of a thin-film laminate, one lay...Show More

BOLVAPS/LIPORS experiments on PBFA-II

T.J. Renk;R.R. Johnston;P.L. Dreike;G.C. Tisone;J.E. Maenchen

IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1989 | Conference Paper |

Design of a laser-produced lithium anode plasma experiment on the Helia extraction diode

K.W. Bieg;G.C. Tisone;J.E. Bailey;R.A. Hamil

IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1989 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (1)

Summary form only given, as follows. Recent experimental evidence on PBFA II (Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II) has suggested that poor source turn-on and nonuniformity may contribute to the late focusability achieved with passive lithium ion sources to date, further emphasizing the need for a preformed anode plasma. The authors are planning to field a direct laser-produced lithium anode plasm...Show More

Design of a laser-produced lithium anode plasma experiment on the Helia extraction diode

K.W. Bieg;G.C. Tisone;J.E. Bailey;R.A. Hamil

IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science

Year: 1989 | Conference Paper |

Light Ion Sources for ICF

R. A. Gerber;K. W. Bieg;E. J. T. Burns;P. L. Dreike;J. Maenchen;T. A. Mehlhorn;J. N. Olsen;A. L. Pregenzer;J. K. Rice;M. A. Sweeney;G. C. Tisone;J. R. Woodworth

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Year: 1985 | Volume: 32, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (7)

PBFA II, Sandia National Laboratories' (SNLA) advanced light-ion accelerator [1] (now under construction), will deliver a 30-MV, 5 MA lithium ion beam to an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) target. Although most ICF experiments have been performed with proton beams, lithium ions were selected for PBFA II for several reasons. The use of lithium enables a large anode-cathode spacing, resulting in l...Show More

Light Ion Sources for ICF

R. A. Gerber;K. W. Bieg;E. J. T. Burns;P. L. Dreike;J. Maenchen;T. A. Mehlhorn;J. N. Olsen;A. L. Pregenzer;J. K. Rice;M. A. Sweeney;G. C. Tisone;J. R. Woodworth

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Year: 1985 | Volume: 32, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

Study of the XeCl laser pumped by a high-intensity electron beam

G. Tisone;J. Hoffman

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Year: 1982 | Volume: 18, Issue: 6 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (41)

We present the results of a detailed experimental study of the XeCl laser pumped by a high-intensity electron beam. The laser system was optimized as an oscillator for mixtures of Xe and HCl with Ne, Ar, and Kr diluents. The peak intrinsic efficiency (laser energy out/electron-beam energy deposited) was near 4.5 percent for each of these diluents. Small-signal gain and background absorption were m...Show More

Study of the XeCl laser pumped by a high-intensity electron beam

G. Tisone;J. Hoffman

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Year: 1982 | Volume: 18, Issue: 6 | Journal Article |

Oscillator performance and energy extraction from a KrF laser pumped by a high-intensity relativistic electron beam

J. Rice;G. Tisone;E. Patterson

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Year: 1980 | Volume: 16, Issue: 12 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (64) | Patents (6)

A laser cell with 21 of excitation volume was used to study the electron-beam pumped KrF laser system at excitation rates of 1.8- 7.0 MW/cm3. The system was optimized as an oscillator for various mixtures of Ar, Kr, and F2at total pressures of 1000 and 2500 torr. The resulting optimum conditions gave an intrinsic efficiency (laser energy out/electron-beam energy deposited) of 12 percent for the 10...Show More

Oscillator performance and energy extraction from a KrF laser pumped by a high-intensity relativistic electron beam

J. Rice;G. Tisone;E. Patterson

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Year: 1980 | Volume: 16, Issue: 12 | Journal Article |

IEEE Personal Account

Change username/password

Purchase Details

Payment Options
View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

Communications Preferences
Profession and Education
Technical interests

Need Help?

US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
Contact & Support

Follow

About IEEE Xplore | Contact Us | Help | Accessibility | Terms of Use | Nondiscrimination Policy | IEEE Ethics Reporting | Sitemap | IEEE Privacy Policy

A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

© Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies.

IEEE Account

Change Username/Password
Update Address

Purchase Details

Payment Options
Order History
View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

Communications Preferences
Profession and Education
Technical Interests

Need Help?

US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
Contact & Support

About IEEE Xplore
Contact Us
Help
Accessibility
Terms of Use
Nondiscrimination Policy
Sitemap
Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.
© Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

Test Whats new message.