Contents I. Introduction
Energy serves as the core foundation for the progress and development of any nation. The economic growth, employment, eradication of poverty, and basic amenities in a country rely on many factors including the performance of its energy sector [1]. Over the last decade, global interest has been resurgent in using biomass as an energy source for several reasons [2] - [5]. Firstly, technological advancements in crop production, conversion techniques, and other related areas have enabled the utilization of biomass at a lower cost and higher conversion efficiency than before. Secondly, the alarming threat of climate change, which is mainly caused by the high emission levels of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, has become a crucial driving force for the adoption of renewable energy sources, including biomass [6] - [7]. Renewable energy from biomass generates far less air pollution leading to a safer environment unlike the use of fossil fuels, and reduces the amount of waste in landfills [4] , [8] , [9]. Biomass is one of the many renewable energy resources available in Nigeria. Biomass encompasses all organic matter derived from plants, including but not limited to algae, trees, and crops. Biomass primarily consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, starch, and protein, making it a renewable, abundant, storable, and substitutive resource that has been recognized as carbon neutral [4]. Biomass sources encompass a wide range of materials, including crops, timber, marine plants, forestry, and fisheries resources, as well as various organic wastes such as pulp sludge, black liquor, alcohol fermentation stillage, industrial organic waste, and municipal wastes like kitchen garbage, sewage sludge, plastic waste, and paper waste [10] - [13].
