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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Publication Information
Year: 2025 | Volume: 16 | Issue: 2
Coordinated Control Strategy of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid for Power Quality Improvement Under Unbalanced AC Conditions
Chang Yang;Tao Zheng;Yufei Song;Jiefeng Hu;Josep M. Guerrero
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):837 - 849
In a hybrid AC/DC microgrid (MG), power quality issues arise when an unbalanced load connects to the AC subgrid, which are not confined to the AC subsystem but extend to affect the DC subsystem as well. This paper investigates the potential power quality issues caused by AC imbalance, including DC voltage fluctuation and AC current harmonics. Multiple control objectives are developed, aiming to el...Show More
Distributed Self-Triggered Privacy-Preserving Secondary Control of VSG-Based AC Microgrids
Xing Huang;Donglian Qi;Yulin Chen;Yunfeng Yan;Shaohua Yang;Yaxin Wang;Xianbo Wang
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):850 - 862
Cited by: Papers (4)
As extensive renewable energy-based distributed generators (DGs) are integrated into the microgrids (MGs), system inertia drops sharply, posing enormous challenges to power quality. Inspired by the conventional synchronous generator(SG), a novel control structure called virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is proposed to provide ancillary rotor regulation. Moreover, existing distributed control alg...Show More
Event-Triggered Differential Delay Method for Current Sharing in Islanded DC Microgrids With Adaptive Droop Coefficient Regulation
Fei Deng;Yi Tang;Zhigang Yao;Wenli Yao;Tao Lei;Weilin Li;Xiaobin Zhang
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):863 - 875
Cited by: Papers (1)
In islanded DC microgrids, various parallel distributed generation units (DGUs) are in voltage control mode, and mismatched line impedances always lead to inaccurate current sharing, which influences the normal and effective operation of power systems. To solve this problem, a distributed event-triggered differential delay method is proposed for current sharing in islanded DC microgrids. In this m...Show More
Digital Twin-Based Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation for DC Microgrids
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):876 - 889
DC microgrids (MGs) are cyber-physical systems (CPSs) prone to cyber attacks which could disrupt the normal operation of DC MGs. Accurate estimation of the attack vector is crucial to recover correct signals from compromised measurements for safe DC MG operation, while it has not been effectively achieved by existing methods and the accuracy is challenged by unmodeled uncertainties in practical po...Show More
Peak Shaving Control for a Virtual Synchronous Generator in Island Grids
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):890 - 902
A virtual synchronous generator (VSG) can be considered a voltage source with an emulated inertial response. Depending on the grid condition, however, it is necessary to limit the output current, which renders the inverter dynamics and makes the inverter prone to losing synchronism with the grid. To address this well-known challenge, in this article, we propose a novel control method for a VSG tha...Show More
Peak Shaving Control for a Virtual Synchronous Generator in Island Grids
Year: 2025 | Volume: 16 | Issue: 2
Quantum Distributed Event-Triggered Frequency Control for AC Microgrids Under FDIAs
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):903 - 915
The distributed frequency control system of microgrids, which relies on classical communication networks between distributed generations (DGs) for frequency regulation and restoration, is vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Quantum distributed controllers offer a secure quantum communication scheme but are less efficient because of continuous communication in quantum systems. This paper proposes a quantu...Show More
Performance-Guaranteed Finite-Time Secondary Control for Islanded AC Microgrids With Time-Varying Disturbances
Saijin Huang;Zhiyi Chen;Xiangyu Wang;Shihua Li;Xinghuo Yu;Qi Li
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):916 - 928
This paper investigates distributed finite-time secondary control of islanded AC microgrids with prescribed performance subject to time-varying disturbances. By specifying the desired performance function, the transient and steady-state performances (including the convergence rate, the maximum overshoot, and the maximum steady-state error) of both the voltage and frequency restoration processes ar...Show More
Fully Distributed Event-Triggered Security Control for DC Microgrids Subject to DoS Attacks
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):929 - 941
As the application of distributed DC microgrids becomes more and more widespread, their voltage restoration and current sharing that cannot be guaranteed simultaneously due to droop control have received a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive safety control strategy with an event-triggering mechanism to reduce the communication burden. The current sharing of the distributed g...Show More
Asymmetric Bargaining-Based SOP Planning Considering Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading
Haoran Ji;Yuxin Zheng;Hao Yu;Jinli Zhao;Guanyu Song;Jianzhong Wu;Peng Li
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):942 - 956
The flexible power distribution devices, represented by soft open points (SOPs), can facilitate power exchange among regional distribution networks. However, given the substantial investment in SOPs, there exists an urgent need for their reasonable configuration and fair allocation among multi-stakeholders. Promisingly, the peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading based on SOPs can not only effectiv...Show More
A Resilience Enhancement Planning Framework Capturing Customers’ Participation in Distribution Systems
Amin Alavi Eshkaftaki;Mohammad Amin Latify;Mahmoud Fotuhi-Firuzabad;Payman Dehghanian
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):957 - 972
This paper presents a novel planning framework to enhance the resilience of energy supply to customers in power distribution systems. The framework involves three key stakeholders: the regulator as the governing entity that enforces regulatory mechanisms to oversee the performance of the distribution system operator (DSO); the DSO that reinforces the infrastructure by placing emergency distributed...Show More
Coordination of Smart Hybrid Transformers in Distribution Networks
Samuel Hayward;Michael Merlin;Matthew Williams;Thomas Morstyn
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):973 - 988
A hybrid transformer is a combination of a conventional transformer and power electronics, which can be used to help alleviate power quality issues in distribution networks at lower costs than solid-state transformers. This paper proposes a novel method of coordinating multiple hybrid transformers in 3-phase distribution networks in order to reduce the curtailment of distributed generators. This i...Show More
Frequency Constrained Proactive Scheduling for Secure Microgrid Formation in Wind Power Penetrated Distribution Systems
Sheng Cai;Yunyun Xie;Yuping Zhang;Weiyu Bao;Qiuwei Wu;Chen Chen;Jian Guo
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):989 - 1002
Microgrid formation (MF) is a core solution for increasing the resilience of distribution systems in extreme situations. However, a significant power imbalance at the MF onset will result in the violation of dynamic frequency constraints, especially in low-inertia wind power penetrated distribution systems (WPP-DSs). To ensure the secure MF after emergencies, this paper proposes a frequency constr...Show More
A Resilient Logical-Based Localization of Faulted Section Considering Multiple Loss of Information
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1003 - 1018
Localizing faults (LoF) using online data from fault-indicating devices (FIDs) poses a significant challenge during the unavailability of information due to hidden relay failures or communication issues. Addressing this challenge, this paper introduces (i) Back-and-Forth Search algorithm and (ii) Clockwise-Counter-clockwise algorithm, which effectively leverages current direction data from network...Show More
Scheme to Prevent Maloperation of Current Differential Protection Due to Non-Internal-Fault Events in Active Distribution Networks
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1019 - 1036
In active distribution networks (ADN), T-connected branches are commonly found in feeders, presenting a challenge for protection schemes. Current differential protection (CDP) is one of the solutions for such lines. Compared to a multi-terminal ( $\geq 3$ ) CDP, a two-terminal CDP is a more cost-effective alternative as it does not require instrument transformers and communication devices for each...Show More
Synergistic Operation Framework for the Energy Hub Merging Stochastic Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Optimization and Stackelberg Game
Junjie Zhong;Yirui Zhao;Yong Li;Mingyu Yan;Yanjian Peng;Ye Cai;Yijia Cao
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1037 - 1050
As the increasing complexity and uncertainty of integrated energy systems, the cooperative interaction under uncertainty between the energy hub (EH) and multi-energy users has become crucial for the efficient operation of energy systems. This paper proposes a unified collaborative and interactive framework to optimize operations between the EH and multi-energy users under uncertainty. Firstly, in ...Show More
Community Microgrid Energy Co-Scheduling Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Contribution Mechanisms
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1051 - 1061
Realizing energy-distributed cooperative scheduling while guaranteeing user privacy is challenging for community microgrid energy management. A dual-interaction deep deterministic policy gradient (DI-DDPG) method based on the contribution mechanism is proposed in this paper to realize distributed co-scheduling of energy in community microgrids under user privacy, electricity demand, and uncertaint...Show More
Two-Stage Coordinated Operation of a Green Multi-Energy Ship Microgrid With Underwater Radiated Noise by Distributed Stochastic Approach
Zhineng Fei;Hongming Yang;Liang Du;Josep M. Guerrero;Ke Meng;Zhengmao Li
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1062 - 1074
Cited by: Papers (3)
Increasing multi-energy coordination in the ship necessitates advanced operation strategies to achieve greenhouse gas reduction and energy efficiency improvement in the maritime industry. However, previous research always overlooks onboard heterogeneous energy carriers and ship power distribution networks (SPDN), as well as underwater radiated noise (URN) generated by ship propellers. This will po...Show More
Two-Stage Stochastic Energy Scheduling for Multi-Energy Rural Microgrids With Irrigation Systems and Biomass Fermentation
Wanhao Li;Yunyang Zou;Hongming Yang;Xueqian Fu;Sheng Xiang;Zhengmao Li
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1075 - 1087
Cited by: Papers (3)
Multi-energy rural microgrids (MERMs) hold both economic potential and multi-energy coordination ability, emerging as a promising energy management paradigm in rural areas. In this paper, an energy scheduling method is investigated for a MERM with renewable energy and biomass resources, aiming to satisfy the rural electrical, thermal, natural gas, and irrigation demands economically. Mathematicall...Show More
Multi-Timescale Security Evaluation and Regulation of Integrated Electricity and Heating System
Suhan Zhang;Guangsheng Pan;Baoju Li;Wei Gu;Jiyue Fu;Yong Sun
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1088 - 1099
The ability to operate across multiple timescales is vital for the flexibility enhancement of integrated electricity and heating systems (IEHS). Nonetheless, the common dependence on numerical solvers operating in discrete spaces poses a challenge in accurately representing their inherent multi-timescale properties, thereby compromising system security. In response, this paper proposes a novel mul...Show More
Two-Stage Coordinated Robust Planning of Multi-Energy Ship Microgrids Considering Thermal Inertia and Ship Navigation
Nan Yang;Guobin Xu;Zhineng Fei;Zhengmao Li;Liang Du;Josep M. Guerrero;Yuehua Huang;Jing Yan;Chao Xing;Zhenhua Li
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1100 - 1111
As maritime technology advances, multi-energy ship microgrids (MESMs) are widely used in large cruise tourism. In this context, studying cost-effective and highly reliable energy system planning methods for MESMs in their whole lifespan becomes paramount. Therefore, this paper proposes a joint planning method for a MESM during its lifespan. Firstly, a long timescale coordinated planning and operat...Show More
Two-Stage Robust Planning for Park-Level Integrated Energy System Considering Uncertain Equipment Contingency
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1112 - 1126
To enhance the reliability of Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) and address the research gap in reliability-based planning methods, this paper proposes a two-stage robust planning model specifically for park-level IESs. The proposed planning model considers uncertainties like load demand fluctuations and equipment contingencies, and provides a reliable scheme of equipment selection and sizing for I...Show More
Resilient Preparation and Restoration Strategy for Integrated Electric-Gas Distribution Systems Considering Mobile Energy Storage
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1127 - 1141
Extreme events can interrupt both electricity and gas supply in an integrated electric-gas distribution system (IEGDS). This work proposes a two-stage resilient preparation and restoration strategy to efficiently restore both electric and gas load services in IEGDS after extreme events considering the utilization of mobile energy storage (MES). To minimize the load loss under the damage uncertaint...Show More
Aggregator-Grid Interactive Building Dual-Layer Price-Responsive Demand Response Scheduling Based on Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning
Publication Year: 2025,Page(s):1142 - 1154
Cited by: Papers (1)
The energy sector transition to more decentralized and renewable structures requires greater participation by demand-side resources, which can be achieved by establishing a dual-layer model of demand-side resource aggregators based on grid-interactive intelligent buildings. To maximize the use of local flexibility resources connected to the city distribution network, these grid-interactive intelli...Show More
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