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IEEE Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications
2019 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)
16-18 April 2019
Showing 1-25 of 40
Proceedings
The proceedings of this conference will be available for purchase through Curran Associates.
Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), 2019 IEEE
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[Title page i]
Deterministic Memory Hierarchy and Virtualization for Modern Multi-Core Embedded Systems
Tomasz Kloda;Marco Solieri;Renato Mancuso;Nicola Capodieci;Paolo Valente;Marko Bertogna
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):1 - 14
Cited by: Papers (43)
One of the main predictability bottlenecks of modern multi-core embedded systems is contention for access to shared memory resources. Partitioning and software-driven allocation of memory resources is an effective strategy to mitigate contention in the memory hierarchy. Unfortunately, however, many of the strategies adopted so far can have unforeseen side-effects when practically implemented lates...Show More
Accurate ILP-Based Contention Modeling on Statically Scheduled Multicore Systems
Xavier Palomo;Enrico Mezzetti;Jaume Abella;Reinder J. Bril;Francisco J. Cazorla
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):15 - 28
Cited by: Papers (3)
Commercially available Off The Shelf (COTS) multicores have been assessed as the baseline computing platform even in the most conservative real-time domains. Multicore contention arising on shared hardware resources, with its circular dependence with scheduling, is among the most challenging issues that require urgent attention before multicores can be fully embraced for real-time computing. In th...Show More
Fractional GPUs: Software-Based Compute and Memory Bandwidth Reservation for GPUs
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):29 - 41
Cited by: Papers (41)
GPUs are increasingly being used in real-time systems, such as autonomous vehicles, due to the vast performance benefits that they offer. As more and more applications use GPUs, more than one application may need to run on the same GPU in parallel. However, real-time systems also require predictable performance from each individual applications which GPUs do not fully support in a multi-tasking en...Show More
Doorpler: A Radar-Based System for Real-Time, Low Power Zone Occupancy Sensing
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):42 - 53
Cited by: Papers (6)
Many homes today are logically or physically "zoned" based on properties such as HVACs, activities, or physical layouts. Accurately sensing the occupancy of these zones can yield energy savings, aid in automatic heating and lighting control, energy disaggregation, etc. Existing systems that attempt to sense occupancy are power consuming, non real-time, pet unfriendly and/or sensitive to ambient he...Show More
PIFA: An Intelligent Phase Identification and Frequency Adjustment Framework for Time-Sensitive Mobile Computing
Xia Zhang;Xusheng Xiao;Liang He;Yun Ma;Yangyang Huang;Xuanzhe Liu;Wenyao Xu;Cong Liu
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):54 - 64
Due to the limited battery capacity of mobile devices, various CPU power governors and dynamic frequency adjustment schemes have been proposed to reduce CPU energy consumption. However, most such schemes are app-oblivious, ignoring an important fact that real-world applications often exhibit multiple execution phases that perform different functionality and may request different amounts of hardwar...Show More
Deterministic Futexes: Addressing WCET and Bounded Interference Concerns
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):65 - 76
Cited by: Papers (2)
Fast User Space Mutexes (Futexes) in Linux are a lightweight mechanism to implement thread synchronization objects like mutexes and condition variables. Since they handle the uncontended case in user space and call the operating system kernel only for suspension and wake-up on contention, futexes are particularly suited for best-effort workloads. Nonetheless, they are widely used to support real-t...Show More
Chaos: a System for Criticality-Aware, Multi-Core Coordination
Phani Kishore Gadepalli;Gregor Peach;Gabriel Parmer;Joseph Espy;Zach Day
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):77 - 89
Cited by: Papers (10)
The incentive to minimize size, weight and power (SWaP) in embedded systems has driven the consolidation both of disparate processors into single multi-core systems, and of software of various functionalities onto shared hardware. These consolidated systems must address a number of challenges that include providing strong isolation of the highly-critical tasks that impact human or equipment safety...Show More
A Novel Side-Channel in Real-Time Schedulers
Chien-Ying Chen;Sibin Mohan;Rodolfo Pellizzoni;Rakesh B. Bobba;Negar Kiyavash
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):90 - 102
Cited by: Papers (23)
We demonstrate the presence of a novel scheduler side-channel in preemptive, fixed-priority real-time systems (RTS); examples of such systems can be found in automotive systems, avionic systems, power plants and industrial control systems among others. This side-channel can leak important timing information such as the future arrival times of real-time tasks. This information can then be used to l...Show More
[Title page iii]
On the Pitfalls and Vulnerabilities of Schedule Randomization Against Schedule-Based Attacks
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):103 - 116
Cited by: Papers (22)
Schedule randomization is one of the recently introduced security defenses against schedule-based attacks, i.e., attacks whose success depends on a particular ordering between the execution window of an attacker and a victim task within the system. It falls into the category of information hiding (as opposed to deterministic isolation-based defenses) and is designed to reduce the attacker's abilit...Show More
Characterizing Dominant Program Behavior Using the Execution-Time Variance of the Call Structure
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):117 - 129
Traditional profiling techniques typically identify performance hot-spots. Other specialized techniques such as WCET analysis cater to safety critical real-time systems with hard constraints and thus make conservative assumptions. However, several domains motivate the need to systematically characterize and represent differential timing properties such as the variance in execution time of applicat...Show More
Bundled Scheduling of Parallel Real-Time Tasks
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):130 - 142
Cited by: Papers (9)
Due to increasing demand for computational power, parallel processing is becoming important for real-time systems. The community has proposed and analyzed several task models and scheduling schemes for parallel applications. Gang scheduling, where all threads of the same task are required to run concurrently, can lead to significant execution time improvements for tightly-synchronized applications...Show More
RT-Gang: Real-Time Gang Scheduling Framework for Safety-Critical Systems
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):143 - 155
Cited by: Papers (17)
In this paper, we present RT-Gang: a novel real-time gang scheduling framework that enforces a one-gang-at-a-time policy. We find that, in a multicore platform, co-scheduling multiple parallel real-time tasks would require highly pessimistic worst-case execution time (WCET) and schedulability analysis-even when there are enough cores-due to contention in shared hardware resources such as cache and...Show More
Energy-Efficient Real-Time Scheduling of DAGs on Clustered Multi-Core Platforms
Zhishan Guo;Ashikahmed Bhuiyan;Di Liu;Aamir Khan;Abusayeed Saifullah;Nan Guan
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):156 - 168
Cited by: Papers (36)
With the growth of computation-intensive real-time applications on multi-core embedded systems, energy-efficient real-time scheduling becomes crucial. Multi-core processors enable intra-task parallelism, and there has been much progress on exploiting that, while there has been only a little progress on energy-efficient multi-core real-time scheduling as yet. In this work, we study energy-efficient...Show More
Calculating Response-Time Bounds for OpenMP Task Systems with Conditional Branches
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):169 - 181
Cited by: Papers (14)
Existing DAG-based task models in real-time scheduling research assume well-nested structures recursively composed by single-source-single-sink parallel and conditional components. However, realistic OpenMP task systems in general have more flexible structures that do not comply with this assumption. In this paper, we model the behaviors of general OpenMP task systems with non-well-nested branchin...Show More
CertiCAN: A Tool for the Coq Certification of CAN Analysis Results
Pascal Fradet;Xiaojie Guo;Jean-François Monin;Sophie Quinton
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):182 - 191
Cited by: Papers (2)
This paper introduces CertiCAN, a tool produced using the Coq proof assistant for the formal certification of CAN analysis results. Result certification is a process that is light-weight and flexible compared to tool certification, which makes it a practical choice for industrial purposes. The analysis underlying CertiCAN, which is based on a combined use of two well-known CAN analysis techniques,...Show More
Optimal Priority Assignment for Scheduling Mixed CAN and CAN-FD Frames
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):192 - 203
Cited by: Papers (2)
Controller Area Network with Flexible Data-rate (CAN-FD) has been drawing considerable attention as the most promising substitute of Controller Area Network (CAN), thanks to its higher bandwidth, larger payload size, and physical-layer compatibility with CAN. In particular, the physical-layer compatibility allows legacy CAN-based Electronic Control Units (ECUs) to share the same communication bus ...Show More
[Copyright notice]
Fault-Resilient Real-Time Communication Using Software-Defined Networking
Kilho Lee;Minsu Kim;Hayeon Kim;Hoon Sung Chwa;Jinkyu Lee;Insik Shin
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):204 - 215
Cited by: Papers (8)
The development of complex cyber-physical systems necessitates real-time networking with timing guarantees even in the presence of a link fault. Targeting firm real-time flows with the maximum allowable number of continuous deadline misses, this paper introduces FR-SDN, a fault-resilient SDN (Software-Defined Networking) framework that satisfies the timing requirements of firm real-time flows. To ...Show More
DistributedHART: A Distributed Real-Time Scheduling System for WirelessHART Networks
Venkata Prashant Modekurthy;Abusayeed Saifullah;Sanjay Madria
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):216 - 227
Cited by: Papers (29)
Industry 4.0 is a new industry trend which relies on data driven business model to set the productivity requirements of the cyber physical system. To meet this requirement, Industry 4.0 cyber physical systems need to be highly scalable, adaptive, real-time, and reliable. Recent successful industrial wireless standards such as WirelessHART appeared as a feasible approach for such cyber physical sys...Show More
Improving a Compositional Timing Analysis Framework for Weakly-Hard Real-Time Systems
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):228 - 240
Cited by: Papers (4)
Weakly-hard real-time requirements for software tasks or network tasks are an adequate choice, if the system functionality is robust enough to tolerate a few deadline misses in transient overload phases. Weakly-hard real-time requirements can be formulated as (m, k)-constraints, i.e., no more than m deadline misses are allowed in a consecutive sequence of k jobs of a task. Existing formal analysis...Show More
Job-Class-Level Fixed Priority Scheduling of Weakly-Hard Real-Time Systems
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):241 - 253
Cited by: Papers (20)
Many cyber-physical applications including sensing and control operations can tolerate a certain degree of timing violations as long as the number of the violations are predictably bounded. The notion of weakly-hard real-time systems has been studied to capture this effect, but existing work reveals limitations for practical use due the restrictions imposed on timing model and the high complexity ...Show More
Thermal-Aware Servers for Real-Time Tasks on Multi-Core GPU-Integrated Embedded Systems
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):254 - 266
Cited by: Papers (11)
The recent trend in real-time applications raises the demand for powerful embedded systems with GPU-CPU integrated systems-on-chips (SoCs). This increased performance, however, comes at the cost of power consumption and resulting heat dissipation. Heat conduction interferes the execution time of tasks running on adjacent CPU and GPU cores. The violation of thermal constraints causes timing unpredi...Show More
Self-Aware Scheduling for Mixed-Criticality Component-Based Systems
Publication Year: 2019,Page(s):267 - 278
Cited by: Papers (2)
A basic mixed-criticality requirement in real-time systems is temporal isolation, which ensures that applications receive a guaranteed (CPU) service and impose a bounded interference on other applications. Providing operating system support for temporal isolation is often inefficient, in terms of utilisation and achieved latencies, or complex and hard to implement or model correctly. Correct model...Show More
Proceedings
The proceedings of this conference will be available for purchase through Curran Associates.
Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), 2019 IEEE
- Print on DemandPurchase at Partner
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