Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/mtable.js
Vector Field Smoothing for DOA Estimation of Coherent Underwater Acoustic Signals in Presence of a Reflecting Boundary | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Vector Field Smoothing for DOA Estimation of Coherent Underwater Acoustic Signals in Presence of a Reflecting Boundary


Abstract:

A new vector field smoothing algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple coherent, underwater acoustic signals is proposed based on the array with vec...Show More

Abstract:

A new vector field smoothing algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple coherent, underwater acoustic signals is proposed based on the array with vector hydrophones, which is located at or near a reflecting boundary. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined in two practical applications: hull-mounted and seabed array. The advantage of the vector field smoothing scheme is no reduction in the overall array's spatial aperture.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal ( Volume: 7, Issue: 8, August 2007)
Page(s): 1152 - 1158
Date of Publication: 25 June 2007

ISSN Information:

References is not available for this document.

I. Introduction

A vector hydrophone consists of either two or three identical but orthogonally oriented velocity hydrophones plus a pressure hydrophone, all of which are spatially co-located in a point-like geometry [1]. In practical applications, an array with vector hydrophones is located at or near a reflecting boundary. For example, a plane array with vector hydrophones is mounted on the submarine hulls [2]; or it is mounted on the seabed in shallow water. The four-component vector hydrophone, which is located at or near a reflecting boundary, produces the following 41 array manifold [3]: {\bf h}(\theta_k,\phi_k) = \left[\matrix{ (1+{\cal R}(\theta_{k})e^{-{i}\vartheta_{k}}){u}(\theta_{k},\phi_{k})\cr (1+{\cal R}(\theta_{k})e^{-{i}\vartheta_{k}}){v}(\theta_{k},\phi_{k})\cr (1-{\cal R}(\theta_{k})e^{-{i}\vartheta_{k}}){w}(\theta_{k})\cr (1+{\cal R}(\theta_{k})e^{-{i}\vartheta_{k}})}\right] \eqno{\hbox{(1)}}

where is the direction cosine along the axis, is the direction cosine along the axis, is the direction cosine along the axis, denotes the th source's elevation angle measured from the vertical axis, and denotes azimuth angle. , and denotes the vertical distance between the vector hydrophone array and the reflecting boundary, and which is in the unit of wavelength. is the (complex) reflection coefficient, which specifies the attenuation and phase change of the reflected wave. By our choice of a coordinate system, the incident angle is just ; therefore, for a given frequency, is a function of but not .

Select All
1.
M. J. Berliner and J. F. Lindberg, Acoustic Particle Velocity Sensors: Design Performance and Applications, NY, Woodbury:AIP, 1996.
2.
A. B. Waite, Sonar for Practising Engineers, U.K., Chichester:Wiley, 2002.
3.
M. Hawkes and A. Nehorai, "Acoustic vector-sensor processing in the presence of a reflectingboundary", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 2981-2993, Nov. 2000.
4.
B. Hochwald and A. Nehorai, "Identifiability in array processing models with vector-sensorapplications", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 83-95, Jan. 1996.
5.
K. T. Wong and M. D. Zoltowski, "Closed-form underwater acoustic direction-finding with arbitrarilyspaced vector-hydrophones at unknown locations", IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 566-575, Jul. 1997.
6.
K. T. Wong and M. D. Zoltowski, "Root-MUSIC-based Azimuth-elevation angle-of-arrival estimationwith uniformly spaced but arbitrarily oriented velocity hydrophones", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., pp. 3250-3260, Dec. 1999.
7.
K. T. Wong and M. D. Zoltowski, "Self-initiating MUSIC-based direction finding in underwateracoustic particle velocity-field beamspace", IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 262-273, Apr. 2000.
8.
T.-J. Shan, M. Wax and T. Kailath, "Onspatial smoothing for direction-of-arrival estimation of coherent signals", IEEE Trans. Acoustics Speech Signal Process., vol. 33, pp. 806-811, Aug. 1985.
9.
S. U. Pillai and B. H. Kwon, "Forward/backward spatial smoothing techniques for coherentsignal identification", IEEE Trans. Acoustics Speech Signal Process., vol. 37, pp. 8-15, Jan. 1989.
10.
H. Wang and K. J. R. Liu, "2-Dspatial smoothing for multipath coherent signal separation", IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 34, pp. 391-405, Apr. 1998.
11.
A. N. Lemma, A.-J. van der Veen and E. F. Departtere, "Analysis of joint angle-frequency estimation using ESPRIT", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 51, pp. 1264-1283, May 2003.
12.
H. Chen and J. Zhao, "Coherentsignal-subspace processing of acoustic vector sensor array for DOA estimationof wideband sources", Signal Process., vol. 85, pp. 837-847, 2005.
13.
D. Rahamim, J. Tabrikian and R. Shavit, "Source localization using vector sensor array in a multipathenvironment", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 52, pp. 3096-3103, Nov. 2004.
14.
A. D. Pierce, AcousticsAn Introduction to its Physical Principles and Applications, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1981.
15.
L. M. Brekhovskikh, Waves in Layered Media, New York:Academic, 1980.
16.
S. M. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory, NJ, Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall, 1993.
17.
A. Nehorai and E. Patan, "Acoustic vector-sensor array processing", IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 42, pp. 2481-2491, Sep. 1994.

Contact IEEE to Subscribe

References

References is not available for this document.