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Dynamic gain equalizer using hybrid integrated silica-based planar lightwave circuits with LiNbO/sub 3/ phase shifter array | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Dynamic gain equalizer using hybrid integrated silica-based planar lightwave circuits with LiNbO/sub 3/ phase shifter array


Abstract:

This paper proposes a dynamic gain equalizer (DGE) using hybrid integrated silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) with a LiNbO/sub 3/ (LN) phase shifter array to a...Show More

Abstract:

This paper proposes a dynamic gain equalizer (DGE) using hybrid integrated silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) with a LiNbO/sub 3/ (LN) phase shifter array to achieve a DGE that offers both excellent optical performance and control of the phase shifters. The structure consists of two PLCs having arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) and couplers directly attached to the LN phase shifter array at its end faces. To reduce polarization-dependent characteristics, a polarization diversity technique using a polarization beam splitter (PBS) and a circulator was employed. To reduce polarization-dependent loss (PDL) due to the reflected light at the PLC-LN interfaces, tilted waveguides from the normal direction to the interfaces were introduced, and the relation between PDL and power reflectivity was theoretically investigated. A hybrid integrated DGE using super-high-/spl Delta/ PLCs and a 25-channel electrooptic (EO) phase shifter array was demonstrated. The PDL was effectively suppressed with the introduced polarization diversity technique, and the measured spectra were in good agreement with designed profiles. These results indicate that the proposed hybrid integrated DGE offers good performance and controllability for practical applications.
Published in: Journal of Lightwave Technology ( Volume: 24, Issue: 1, January 2006)
Page(s): 495 - 503
Date of Publication: 06 February 2006

ISSN Information:

Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Koichi Maru received the B.E. degree in electrical and electronic engineering and the M.E. degree in physical electronics from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1995 and 1997, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory (now Advanced Technology Laboratories), Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1997, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices si...Show More
Koichi Maru received the B.E. degree in electrical and electronic engineering and the M.E. degree in physical electronics from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1995 and 1997, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory (now Advanced Technology Laboratories), Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1997, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices si...View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Takafumi Chiba received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1994, 1995, and 1998, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1999, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Chiba is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Commun...Show More
Takafumi Chiba received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1994, 1995, and 1998, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1999, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Chiba is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Commun...View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Kotaro Tanaka received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in mechanical engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1998 and 2000, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 2000, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Tanaka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engine...Show More
Kotaro Tanaka received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in mechanical engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1998 and 2000, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 2000, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Tanaka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engine...View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Susumu Himi received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1983, respectively.
He joined the Fiberoptics Division, Hitachi, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan, in 1983, where he was engaged in the developments of optical fiber transmission modules. In 1995, he joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, where he has been engaged in research and development on o...Show More
Susumu Himi received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1983, respectively.
He joined the Fiberoptics Division, Hitachi, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan, in 1983, where he was engaged in the developments of optical fiber transmission modules. In 1995, he joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, where he has been engaged in research and development on o...View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Hisato Uetsuka (M'96) received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic physical engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1999, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1981, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Uetsuka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, In...Show More
Hisato Uetsuka (M'96) received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic physical engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1999, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1981, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Uetsuka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, In...View more

I. Introduction

The exploding demand for Internet access and broadband services has led to the push for greater lightwave transmission capacity. Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems can accommodate the increase in this demand by increasing the number of signal wavelengths propagating on a single fiber. These systems will evolve from point-to-point transmissions to next-generation WDM systems that are incorporated with reconfigurable add/drop nodes. Optical signal power levels in such systems are generally different for every wavelength because of the intrinsically nonflat gain profiles of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and the dependence of optical signal levels on network configuration. Since this difference in power levels degrades the signal-to-noise ratio, it is important to keep the levels constant over all channels. Consequently, a dynamic gain equalizer (DGE) is required to automatically compensate for variations in optical signal power levels.

Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Koichi Maru received the B.E. degree in electrical and electronic engineering and the M.E. degree in physical electronics from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1995 and 1997, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory (now Advanced Technology Laboratories), Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1997, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Maru is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.
Koichi Maru received the B.E. degree in electrical and electronic engineering and the M.E. degree in physical electronics from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1995 and 1997, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory (now Advanced Technology Laboratories), Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1997, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Maru is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Takafumi Chiba received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1994, 1995, and 1998, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1999, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Chiba is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.
Takafumi Chiba received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1994, 1995, and 1998, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1999, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Chiba is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Kotaro Tanaka received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in mechanical engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1998 and 2000, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 2000, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Tanaka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.
Kotaro Tanaka received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in mechanical engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1998 and 2000, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 2000, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Tanaka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Susumu Himi received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1983, respectively.
He joined the Fiberoptics Division, Hitachi, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan, in 1983, where he was engaged in the developments of optical fiber transmission modules. In 1995, he joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Himi is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.
Susumu Himi received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1983, respectively.
He joined the Fiberoptics Division, Hitachi, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan, in 1983, where he was engaged in the developments of optical fiber transmission modules. In 1995, he joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Mr. Himi is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan.View more
Advanced Technology Laboratories, Hitachi Cable Limited, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
Hisato Uetsuka (M'96) received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic physical engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1999, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1981, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Uetsuka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan and the Optical Society of America (OSA).
Hisato Uetsuka (M'96) received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic physical engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981 and 1999, respectively.
He joined the Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan, in 1981, where he has been engaged in research and development on optical waveguide devices since then.
Dr. Uetsuka is a member of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) of Japan and the Optical Society of America (OSA).View more

References

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