Contents I. Introduction
The proliferation of electronic devices has made screen capturing a common scenario in daily life. When capturing a screen with a mobile phone, we often observe that the image may appear overly bright or dark, blurred, distorted, or exhibit irregular wavy interference patterns, all of which significantly degrade the image quality. Such screen-shooting scenarios pose greater challenges to the physical robustness of images. Traditional digital watermarking techniques have traditionally focused on robustness against electronic channel distortions [1], [2], [3], such as JPEG compression, scaling, Gaussian noise, etc. Screen capturing severely disrupts the watermark signal of images, posing significant challenges for traditional digital watermarking techniques in extracting watermarks from screen-shooting images.
