Contents I. Introduction
Surrogate models are instrumental in providing virtual rep-resentations that mirror physical objects or processes, yet they serve distinct purposes in the realm of simulations and digital transformation. Surrogate models, also known as proxy or em-ulator models, are simplified mathematical or computational models designed to approximate the behaviour of complex systems or processes. They serve as surrogates for computationally expensive or time-consuming simulations, enabling rapid and efficient analysis, optimization, or decision-making. Surrogate models provide a trade-off between accuracy and computational cost, making them valuable for uncertainty quantification and optimization tasks [1]
