I. Introduction
The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has risen sharply with economic growth and urbanization [1], leading to widespread “garbage siege” problems in many cities [2]. Unprocessed MSW challenges environmental cleanup and sustainable growth [1]. The MSW incineration (MSWI) process, focusing on waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmless treatment, has gained importance. Developed countries like Europe, America, and Japan have advanced MSWI systems [3], but China faces unique issues due to its climate, lifestyle, and economic status. These include unpredictable waste composition, varying calorific values, and moisture levels, making imported automatic combustion control systems less effective. Currently, MSWI in China mainly uses manual control [1], affected by limited energy and varying expertise, limiting consistent operation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct intelligent control research on furnace temperature (FT) based on the specific situation in China to overcome the difficulties in process control [4], [5].