User Connection and Resource Allocation Optimization in Blockchain Empowered Metaverse Over 6G Wireless Communications

The convergence of blockchain, Metaverse, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) brings transformative digital opportunities alongside challenges like privacy and resource management. Addressing these, we focus on optimizing user connectivity and resource allocation in an NFT-centric and blockchain-enabled Metaverse in this paper. Through user work-offloading, we optimize data tasks, user connection parameters, and server computing frequency division. In the resource allocation phase, we optimize communication-computation resource distributions, including bandwidth, transmit power, and computing frequency, which are crucial for 6G mobile edge computing and communication environments. We introduce the trust-cost ratio (TCR), a pivotal measure combining trust scores from users’ resources and server history with delay and energy costs. This balance ensures sustained user engagement and trust. The DASHF algorithm, central to our approach, encapsulates the Dinkelbach algorithm, alternating optimization, semidefinite relaxation (SDR), the Hungarian method, and a novel fractional programming technique from a recent IEEE JSAC paper. The most challenging part of DASHF is to rewrite an optimization problem as Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming (QCQP) via carefully designed transformations, in order to be solved by SDR and the Hungarian algorithm. Extensive simulations validate the DASHF algorithm’s efficacy, revealing critical insights for enhancing blockchain-Metaverse applications, especially with NFTs.

I. Introduction

The connection of blockchain technology, Metaverse platforms, and seamless connectivity of non-fungible token (NFT) applications signifies a remarkable milestone in the further development of wireless communication systems [3], [4], [5], [6]. The Metaverse, as a burgeoning immersive digital space, offers a platform for users to delve into meticulously designed virtual universes. Integral to this virtual realm, NFTs emerge to provide users with unique ownership over digital items and experiences [7]. Making sure NFTs work well in the Metaverse relies on the strength of 6G wireless communication systems. These systems need to provide continuous, high-quality user experiences without using too much energy or causing delays [8], [9].