I. Introduction
Carbon emissions caused by energy consumption are seriously affecting climate change. Scientific control of carbon emissions could balance economic development and environmental protection. With the level of electrification in society, more terminal energy consumption has shifted from other energy sources to electricity, gradually forming a new energy pattern dominated by electricity. Therefore, the carbon emission reduction pressure in the power industry continues to increase. As an essential part of the new energy industry, the demand side of power grid realizes refined and intelligent energy management through “Internet + energy,” improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. Energy management needs to know the detailed appliance electrical quantity data. Although the smart appliances produced in recent years could directly provide usage information through embedded sensor hardware, many non-smart appliances are still without sensors today.