Contents I. The State of the Art
Industrial processes play a crucial role in our daily lives, from producing goods and services to generating energy. The sustainability of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) relies on three aspects: safety, security, and energy efficiency, which are illustrated in Figure 1. The safety and security of these processes are of paramount importance, as a failure in these systems can have serious consequences, including harm to people, the environment, and the economy. In addition, ensuring these processes run on efficient and low-carbon energy is also critical to protect the environment and establish a sustainable ICPS in the long run. In recent years, there have been several high-profile accidents in industrial processes, which have raised serious concerns about the safety and security of these systems. One of the examples is the attack on the Nord Stream pipeline, which caused a temporary disruption of gas supplies to Europe. The incident highlights the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to physical attacks and the importance of ensuring the security of these systems. This has led to increased attention from researchers, industry, and governments, who are working to improve the safety and security of industrial processes.
