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To keep pace with the tremendous bandwidth growth in cloud networking, web-scale providers, such as Microsoft, have been quick to adopt elastic features of modern optical networks. In particular, colorless flexible-grid reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, bandwidth-variable transceivers, and the ability to choose a variety of optical source types are integral for cloud network operators ...Show More
Elastic optical networks are prone to spectrum fragmentation, resulting in poor resource utilization and often higher blocking probability. To overcome the spectrum fragmentation, a defragmentation (DF) of the spectrum can be applied by reconfiguring some or all active connections. However, reconfiguration is generally not desirable, as it can interrupt the services of the existing connections. In...Show More
As optical networks become increasingly flexible and software driven, network operators need to reconsider their present mode of network planning and operation, which traditionally relies on long planning periods, performed independently for the IP edges (logical topology) and the optical transport layer (physical topology). Network planning assuming fully loaded end-of-life conditions fails to fo...Show More
In elastic optical networks, a connection uses different spectrum widths that spread over adjacent frequency slot units (FSUs) to improve utilization efficiency. A three-stage wavelength-space-wavelength (W-S-W) optical node architecture for elastic optical networks employs wavelength switching in the first and third stages and space switching in the second stage. This paper considers twoW-S-Warch...Show More
The elastic optical network is a novel idea that is targeted at realizing flexible bandwidth allocation according to diverse traffic needs and requirements. Meanwhile, with the increasing demand of data rates in optical access networks, it is urgent to upgrade the current passive optical networks (PONs) through more elastic approaches. In this paper, we propose a kind of elastic optical access net...Show More
This paper discusses elastic optical networking (EON) by dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement (DOAWG/DOAWM) technologies for flexible and agile bandwidth-variable transponders. The ability to generate and measure flexible bandwidth signals with arbitrary modulation formats and subwave-length granularity, as well as superchannels, makes DOAWG/DOAWM an attractive technology ...Show More
We propose a graph attention network (GAT) en-hanced deep reinforcement learning framework for routing, modulation and spectrum allocation (RMSA) in elastic optical networks. GAT is able to learn the relationships between links, which is important for RMSA due to the spectrum continuity constraints. Simulation results show that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.Show More
Resource allocation with quality of service constraints is one of the most challenging problems in elastic optical networks that is normally formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization program. In this paper, we focus on novel properties of geometric optimization and provide a heuristic approach for resource allocation that is much faster than its mixed-integer nonlinear counterpart. Our ...Show More
Traffic grooming and multipath routing are two techniques that are widely adopted to increase the performance of traditional wavelength division multiplexed networks. They have been recently applied in elastic optical networks to increase spectral efficiency. In this study, we investigate the potential gains by jointly employing the two techniques in combination with a realistic physical impairmen...Show More
Optical performance monitoring (OPM) is a crucial element in network management, in order to assure the quality of the optical signals at various intermediate and destination nodes. In future elastic optical network, the network operation is more adaptive and reconfigurable. The OPM monitoring information retrieved at each intermediate node would be useful for optimal network control. Common OPM p...Show More
Optical communication system is a modern technology to accommodate high speed traffic with the large amount of data capacity. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is one of the techniques in which 50 GHz fixed grid spacing is used to assign multiple traffics on a single fiber link for the optimal usage of the frequency spectrum. Further, elastic optical network (EON) is a promising solution wher...Show More
In multi-domain elastic optical networks with alien wavelengths, each domain needs to consider intradomain and interdomain alien traffic to estimate and guarantee the required quality of transmission (QoT) for each lightpath and perform provisioning operations. This paper experimentally demonstrates an alien wavelength performance monitoring technique and machine-learning-aided QoT estimation for ...Show More
Due to the accelerated evolution of application services, the sharing of physical network infrastructure among different users and applications can be facilitated by optical network virtualization, which simplifies optical-layer resource management and enables flexibility in spectrum resource allocation. However, fragmentation is one of the great challenges in implementing virtual optical network ...Show More
Given the limited number of resources (i.e., frequency slots and transponders at optical switches) in elastic optical networks, one approach to accommodating traffic demand is for the network operator to offer a certain number of leased lightpaths in response to requests from service providers, while configuring a virtual network (VN) that accommodates the traffic demands of other consumers. It is...Show More
Superchannels using efficient formats for modulation [e.g., 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 64-QAM] and transmitting high data rates (e.g., 400 Gb/s, 1 Tb/s, or even 10 Tb/s) are expected to dominate in future optical networks. Ultralow-loss (ULL) fibers promise greater efficiencies for carrying such superchannels, and the current trend is to deploy ULL fibers for new network links. Howe...Show More
We explore the influence of topological features on a hybrid routing and spectrum assignment (HRSA) algorithm in elastic optical networks that prioritizes either routing or spectrum assignment for network source-destination node pairs. We use logistic regression to extract information about how the HRSA makes its decision, whether it is about prioritizing proper routing or spectrum assignment choi...Show More
With the progress of the interconnection of all things, the existing backbone network architecture faces enormous challenges. Most of the information in the power communication network is transmitted in the optical network. The failure of the fiber link in the network can cause huge economic losses. In order to improve the reliability of the network, it is necessary to study the fault diagnosis of...Show More
In this work, eavesdropping-aware routing and spectrum/code allocation techniques are proposed for elastic optical networks (EONs) using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). To introduce physical (optical) layer security and protect these networks against eavesdropping attacks, spread spectrum (SS) with signal overlapping techniques are used to encode each requested confidential conn...Show More
In recent years, the concept of the elastic optical network (EON) was proposed and very quickly became an attractive solution for flexible channel bandwidth utilization. Analogous to the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in traditional wavelength-routed networks, routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) is the most basic and critical resource management issue in EONs. In this work, we e...Show More
Optical networks, characterized by high speed, substantial capacity, and dependable communication, constitute the foundation of 6G Internet of Things (IoT) networks. 6G IoT devices and next-generation applications are expected to generate vast amounts of data that require substantial processing capacity as well as data transport resources, which optical networks are uniquely able to satisfy.Howeve...Show More
There is a significant effort to make transition from the traditional DWDM based network infrastructure to the next generation one based on dynamic and elastic optical networking. Such a networking will have multidimensional nature with respect to arrangement of the spectral and spatial signal components, where each component is based on a multidimensional coded modulation. The employment of multi...Show More
This paper aims to review the status of standardization activities on the black link (BL) and corresponding alien wavelength concepts. It discusses experimental work on filterless optical networks conducted within a dedicated Deutsche Telekom project. The general prospects and existing challenges concerning elastic extensions of the BL are also assessed. Furthermore, we present relevant work on co...Show More
The elastic optical network has proven to be a promising network architecture for handling the rapid growth in IP traffic in the optical layer in a spectrum-efficient manner. This study reveals the optical node requirements in elastic optical networks by comparing multiple network architectures using an integrated resource allocation scheme that considers both network and node parameters. Evaluati...Show More
Virtual Optical Networks (VONs) offer scientists the opportunity to test and validate Software Defined Networking (SDN) controllers without requiring access to expensive optical equipment. A key component in VON is the real-time optical layer emulation (OLE) engine that must estimate the OSNR at the virtual receiver of every virtual lightpath that is established in the VON. This study investigates...Show More