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As TSV-based three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technology advances rapidly, research on a new scheme for a three-dimensional clock distribution network (3D CDN) in TSV-based 3D IC with low skew, low jitter, low power consumption and small area consumption is needed. In this paper, we propose a new 3D CDN structure with distributed multi-TSV 3D CDN (DMT 3D CDN), and analyze the skew, jit...Show More
This paper is concerned with the problem of synchronization control of complex dynamical networks (CDN) subject to nonlinear couplings and uncertainties. An fuzzy logical system-based adaptive distributed controller is designed to achieve the synchronization. The asymptotic convergence of synchronization errors is analyzed by combining algebraic graph theory and Lyapunov theory. In contrast to the...Show More
This paper studies the global synchronization of complex dynamical network (CDN) under digital communication with limited bandwidth. To realize the digital communication, the so-called uniform-quantizer-sets are introduced to quantize the states of nodes, which are then encoded and decoded by newly designed encoders and decoders. To meet the requirement of the bandwidth constraint, a scaling funct...Show More
Netflix and Hulu are leading Over-the-Top (OTT) content service providers in the US and Canada. Netflix alone accounts for 29.7% of the peak downstream traffic in the US in 2011. Understanding the system architectures and performance of Netflix and Hulu can shed light on the design of such large-scale video streaming platforms, and help improving the design of future systems. In this paper, we per...Show More
The hybrid architecture of content distribution network (CDN) and peer to peer (P2P) is promising in providing online streaming media services. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive measurement study on Kankan, one of the leading VoD streaming service providers in China that is based on a hybrid CDN-P2P architecture. Our measurements are multi-fold, as follows. 1) Kankan adopts a loosely-cou...Show More
The Internet of Things (IoT) is producing a tidal wave of data, much of it originating at the network edge, from applications with requirements unmet by the traditional back-end Cloud architecture. To address the disruption caused by the overabundance of data, this paper offers a holistic data-centric architectural vision for the data-centric IoT. It advocates that we rethink our approach to the d...Show More
A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a distributed system composed of a large number of nodes that allows users to request objects from nearby nodes. CDN not only reduces end-to-end latency on the user side but also offloads Content Providers (CPs), providing resilience against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. However, by caching objects and processing user requests, CDN providers coul...Show More
In order to fully utilize CDN network edge nearby transmission capability and P2P scalable end-to-end transmission capability, while overcoming CDN's limited service capacity and P2P's dynamics, we need to combine the CDN and P2P technologies together. In recent years, some researchers have begun to focus on CDN-P2P-hybrid architecture and ISP-friendly P2P content delivery technology. In this pape...Show More
Along with the development of the network, video business has become the mainstream of the network traffic gradually. In order to improve the quality of service, many websites use the Content Delivery Network (CDN) technology to accelerate the video browsing. At the same time, cloud computing is becoming more and more popular because it can process massive data and has high scalability. In recent ...Show More

Cost-Aware Capacity Provisioning for Internet Video Streaming CDNs

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The Computer Journal
Year: 2015 | Volume: 58, Issue: 12 | Journal Article |
Cited by: Papers (9)
With the increasing popularity of the Internet video streaming services (e.g. YouTube and Netflix), content delivery networks (CDNs) are heavily used to stream video contents to users, and consume more and more power and bandwidths in recent years. In this paper, we investigate the problem of saving a video streaming CDN's operating expense, including both its energy cost and the traffic cost. Fro...Show More

Cost-Aware Capacity Provisioning for Internet Video Streaming CDNs

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Year: 2015 | Volume: 58, Issue: 12 | Journal Article |
The 3-D integrated circuits (3-D ICs) overcome the bottlenecks in system performance and circuit density. However, their increased power and thermal density cause temperature gradients in the chip that significantly affect signal and power integrity. Temperature gradients significantly degrade the clock signal, a key signal in digital systems, which in turn degrades system performance. In this pap...Show More
With the popularization and development of the IoT(Internet of Things), more and more data needs to be transmitted over the Internet, which leads to the deterioration of network quality. The CDN (Content Distribution Network) technology is an important theoretical model to ensure network QoS (Quality of Service). To improve the QoS, we extend current CDN system to the hierarchical CDN system, that...Show More
In recent years, some researchers have begun to focus on researching CDN-P2P-hybrid architecture, but most hybrid architectures belong to tightly-coupled hybrid model. Cloud computing era calls for a more open content service mode. In order to construct open service relationship, we propose one novel CDN-P2P loosely-coupled SLA negotiation model. CDN firstly needs to provide an open and standard-b...Show More
Content-based services are gaining tremendous popularity recently with the proliferation of a wide range of contents. Traditionally, hosting and distribution of these ubiquitous contents are accomplished using content distribution networks (CDNs). CDNs distribute contents in multiple hosting locations for load balancing, availability, and easy access. However, scalability and cost of CDNs are beco...Show More
Although many streaming application providers have relied on CDN services, there are several barriers to making CDN a more common service: expensive construction cost and fixed service mode. The rise of cloud computing requires "CDN as a Service" with a more open service mode, which requires content services available on-demand and be utilized in an open and loosely-coupled fashion. In most of the...Show More
With technology scaling down, the clock distribution networks (CDNs) in integrated circuits (ICs) are increasingly vulnerable to the single-event transient (SET). The SET on the CDN can even lead to failure of the whole circuit. Therefore, it is important to evaluate in terms of SET susceptibility of the CDN. In this paper, a novel SET susceptibility analysis and evaluation methodology for CDN in ...Show More
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) constitute a major portion of Internet traffic. To cope with increasing demand for content, CDNs have deployed distributed infrastructures on Internet Service Providers (ISPs') networks. Most CDN systems optimize their traffic flow using Domain Name Systems. However, they do not collaborate with the ISPs, and the lack of collaboration limits performance such as end...Show More
Efficient content distribution to end-users poses a significant challenge in content distribution networks (CDNs). Traditional CDNs rely on cloud-based architectures, which may not be optimal for delivering content in densely populated areas due to increased network latency and bandwidth limitations. These problems can be mitigated by adopting fog/edge computing, which deploys computing nodes near...Show More
Cloud Computing has the potential to trigger a major computing model transformation for the IT industry. This paper first briefly describes the business and technical benefits Cloud Computing will bring to us and explains technical challenges to adopt Cloud Computing including the network bottlenecks. One of the solutions to address network problems in Cloud Computing is Content Delivery Network (...Show More
The main purpose of content distribution network is to redirect Internet users to the servers nearest to them, known as edge cache server. Thus, their desired contents can be obtained more rapidly and steadily. With the optimized QoS (Quality of Service) of the Internet, user experience can be improved to a certain extent. Generally speaking, when it comes to content distribution network, the CDN ...Show More
Content Distribution Networks (CDN) are a well-known and accepted way to deliver content. Considering the ever growing number of users and also the growing number of small localized CDNs, there is a strong trend for collaboration among them. CDN collaboration may cause cost reduction for CDN providers and better quality of experience for the end user. However, CDN collaboration raises performance ...Show More
In this paper, we analyze the features of CDN structure and P2P structure from the view point of operator and stream media content provider according to the new concept of WiiSE-DSN[1]. Based on the high reliability and control ability, we propose one solution of Streaming, which combines both advantages of CDN and P2P, and further discuss its implement and advantage.Show More
With the increased popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and an increasing development in the research fields of Complex and Dynamical Networks (CDN) in the last decade, up to now there have been no applications or systems used both prosperities between WSN and CDN. In this paper, the author creates an improved system-Intelligent Gain System (IGS) and intends to outline the framework of IGS...Show More
This contribution discusses content delivery networks and tendency in their federation and standardization of federation. We discuss conservative principles of routing based on logical addresses and also new alternatives of routing methods based on content parameters and adaptation. CDN (Content Delivery Networks) federation, with implementation of content-aware routing across whole IP network, wi...Show More

Hydrogen–deuterium substitution in solid ethanol by surface reactions at low temperatures

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Year: 2016 | Volume: 462, Issue: 1 | Journal Article |
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is one of the most abundant complex organic molecules in star-forming regions. Despite its detection in the gas phase only, ethanol is believed to be formed by low-temperature grain-surface reactions. Methanol, the simplest alcohol, has been a target for observational, experimental, and theoretical studies in view of its deuterium enrichment in the interstellar medium; however, ...Show More

Hydrogen–deuterium substitution in solid ethanol by surface reactions at low temperatures

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Year: 2016 | Volume: 462, Issue: 1 | Journal Article |