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Compact DC Josephson Voltage Standard
Alain Rüfenacht;Anna E. Fox;Grace E. Butler;Charles J. Burroughs;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Robert E. Schwall;Stefan Cular;Samuel P. Benz
2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM)
Year: 2020 | Conference Paper |
This paper presents precision measurements with a prototype cryogen-liquid-free DC Josephson voltage standard that produces a 1 V maximum output. Its cryostat is sufficiently compact that it can be operated on a bench close to devices under test. Compared to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS), this bench-top Josephson voltage st...Show More
Direct DC Voltages Comparison between two Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards at SCL
S. Yang;S. Cular;A. Rüfenacht;C. J. Burroughs;P. D. Dresselhaus;S. P. Benz;M. N. Ng
2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM)
Year: 2020 | Conference Paper |
Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) setup in 2018 a liquid helium based programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The system was validated by direct comparison with a NIST transportable PJVS system at 1.018 V, 4 V, 6 V, 8 V and 10 V. The difference between the systems was within 0.5 nV, with an expanded uncertainty...Show More
Automated Leakage Current Measurement Capability for Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards
Charles J. Burroughs;Alain Rüfenacht;Stefan Cular;Paul D. Dresselhaus
2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM)
Year: 2020 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (2)
We have developed a new measurement module that can be installed in existing National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) systems to provide automated leakage-current measurement capability. The system utilizes several relays to switch between normal PJVS operating modes and leakage-current measurement modes without any manual operator action...Show More
DC Comparison of a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard and a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer
Alain Rufenacht;Nathan E. Flowers-Jacobs;Anna E. Fox;Steven B. Waltman;Robert E. Schwall;Charles J. Burroughs;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Samuel P. Benz
2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018)
Year: 2018 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
We present the first dc comparison of a programmable Josephson voltage standards and a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) at 3 V. Both circuits are mounted side-by-side on the cold stage of a cryocooler. The relative agreement achieved was better than 1 part in 108. This measurement allowed us to identify systematic errors of the JAWS system. An undesired current injectio...Show More
Measurement of Leakage Current to Ground in Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards
Alain Rufenacht;Charles J. Burroughs;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Samuel P. Benz
2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018)
Year: 2018 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (5)
The voltage error associated with the leakage current of programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS) is one of the largest contributions to the uncertainty in direct comparison of voltage standards. Due to the parallel biasing scheme of the PJVS and the resulting multiple leakage paths, the quantities “leakage resistance” and “leakage current” are not necessarily equivalent. A method to measur...Show More
Simultaneous double waveform synthesis with a single programmable Josephson voltage standard
Alain Rüfenacht;Anna E. Fox;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Charles J. Burroughs;Samuel P. Benz;Bryan C. Waltrip;Thomas L. Nelson
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (3)
We have recently demonstrated new 2 V PJVS devices configured with two voltage outputs and two sets of least significant bits in order to simultaneously generate two independent stepwise output waveforms. This development improves upon our previous alternating dual waveform method in that the two voltage waveforms can now be measured simultaneously, and the sampler overload condition that existed ...Show More
10 Volt automated direct comparison of two cryocooled programmable Josephson voltage standards
Alain Rüfenacht;Yi-hua Tang;Anna E. Fox;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Charles J. Burroughs;Robert E. Schwall;Samuel P. Benz
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (3)
We have performed direct dc comparisons between two cryocooled 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standards utilizing an automated synchronization scheme for the voltage reversals, which enables the use of a high sensitivity null detector on its 3 μν range by preventing any overload condition. No switches or manual operations are necessary to protect the null detector. Comparing the two systems u...Show More
Direct comparison of a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard at 1 volt
Alain Rüfenacht;Nathan E. Flowers-Jacobs;Anna E. Fox;Charles J. Burroughs;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Samuel P. Benz
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (7)
We have performed direct ac comparisons between two types of quantum voltage standards, a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard, at 1 V rms amplitude and a frequency of 100 Hz. The system architectures for these two Josephson technologies are quite different. However, in the range where their capabilities overlap, they should produce id...Show More
Cryocooled 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
Alain Rüfenacht;Logan A. Howe;Anna E. Fox;Robert E. Schwall;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Charles J. Burroughs;Samuel P. Benz;Samuel P. BenzIEEE
The two main challenges to operating a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) on a cryocooler are the available cooling power and the temperature oscillations of the cold head. We overcame these challenges and successfully operated a PJVS circuit on a cryocooler by employing one supercritical helium buffer that damps the temperature oscillations, developing a new cryogenic package that inc...Show More
NIST 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard System Using a Low-Capacity Cryocooler
L. Howe;A. E. Fox;A. Rüfenacht;C. J. Burroughs;P. D. Dresselhaus;S. P. Benz;R. E. Schwall
The recent shortage and increasing cost of liquid helium provides motivation for cryogen-free operation of superconducting devices such as NIST programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems. However, operation on closed-cycle cryocoolers must not compromise the performance of the PJVS system. New cryogenic packaging and cryostat integration are presented that have been optimized for the N...Show More
One-Volt Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer
Samuel P. Benz;Steven B. Waltman;Anna E. Fox;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Alain Rüfenacht;Jason M. Underwood;Logan A. Howe;Robert E. Schwall;Charles J. Burroughs
A quantum-accurate waveform with an rms output amplitude of 1 V has been synthesized for the first time. This fourfold increase in voltage over previous systems was achieved through developments and improvements in bias electronics, pulse-bias techniques, Josephson junction array circuit fabrication, and packaging. A recently described ac-coupled bipolar pulse-bias technique was used to bias a sup...Show More
The leakage resistance to ground of a NIST Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
The Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) leakage resistance to ground (LRG) is defined as the electrical resistance of one side of the measurement leads to ground. Under certain measurement conditions, this resistance can produce a significant systematic voltage error of the measured value of the PJVS output voltage. In particular, if the low side of the array is grounded, for instance i...Show More
AC waveform source referenced to a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
C. J. Burroughs;A. Rüfenacht;B. C. Waltrip;S. Solve;P. D. Dresselhaus;S. P. Benz
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
We are integrating an AC waveform source into our Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard system (PJVS). The objective is to provide a convenient, highly automated quantum-referenced source for ac voltage metrology that does not require the use of a thermal voltage converter. The stability of the AC waveform is inferred from the DC voltage reference. The accuracy of the AC waveform is measured uti...Show More
AC-DC transfer standard measurements with a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer at 200 mV
J.M. Underwood;A. Rüfenacht;S.B. Waltman;C.J. Burroughs;P.D. Dresselhaus;S.P. Benz
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
Thermal voltage converters and transfer standards are critical components in AC electrical metrology. In order to improve the low-voltage (< 1 V) calibration of such transfer standards at NIST, we have developed an AC Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) capable of an rms output of 200 mV from a single Josephson array. Such voltages are possible because the array operates in the n = 2 quantum voltag...Show More
Cryocooled 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
A. Rüfenacht;L. Howe;A. E. Fox;R. E. Schwall;P.D. Dresselhaus;C. J. Burroughs;S.P. Benz
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
Improvements in fabrication and packaging of our 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard circuits have enabled the successful operation of these devices on a cryocooler. Limited cooling power and temperature oscillations at the chip must not compromise the accuracy of the quantized voltage steps. Flat-spot measurements of quantized voltages produced with all of the sub-arrays when the chip is...Show More
Method for Ensuring Accurate AC Waveforms With Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards
Charles J. Burroughs;Alain Rüfenacht;Samuel P. Benz;Paul D. Dresselhaus
The amplitudes of stepwise-approximated sine waves generated by programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS) are not intrinsically accurate because the transitions between the quantized voltages depend on numerous conditions. We have developed a method that ensures that the total rms output voltages of arbitrary ac waveforms synthesized by the PJVS are accurately referenced to the quantized Jos...Show More
Differential Sampling Measurement of a 7 V RMS Sine Wave With a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
Alain Rüfenacht;Charles J. Burroughs;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Samuel P. Benz
A 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard has enabled sine waves with voltages up to 7 V RMS to be accurately measured with a differential sampling measurement technique. Expanding the voltage range for this technique enables the direct calibration of the low-frequency ranges of commercial calibrators in the ac voltage mode. This paper reviews the practically achievable performance and challe...Show More
Cryogen-Free Operation of 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards
L. Howe;C. J. Burroughs;P. D. Dresselhaus;S. P. Benz;R. E. Schwall
Given the recent shortages of liquid helium, cryogen-free operation of superconducting devices, such as programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems, has become preferable worldwide, and a necessity in some locations. However, reliable operation on a cryocooler is heavily dependent on the ability to create a constant temperature that is low enough to allow the PJVS junctions to operate u...Show More
Calibration system for AC measurement standards using a pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard and an inductive voltage divider
Thomas Hagen;Ilya Budovsky;Samuel P. Benz;Charles J. Burroughs
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (7)
A pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) has been set up at the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA) with the assistance from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The ACJVS forms the basis of a high precision calibration setup for ac measurement standards at audio frequencies. The ACJVS can presently produce up to 100 mV. A precision inductive voltage ...Show More
A digital-to-analog converter with a voltage standard reference
Alain Rüfenacht;Charles J. Burroughs;Samuel P. Benz;Paul D. Dresselhaus
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (7)
Commercially available 20-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have the potential to impact the field of low-frequency voltage metrology. We measured a linearity of ±6 μV (±0.6 μV/V full scale) over the 10 V range for such a DAC with a Zener voltage standard in use as its external 10 V reference. This result is a first step toward implementing such a DAC as an ac synthesized source, whose accur...Show More
Differential sampling measurement of a 7 V rms sine wave and a programmable Josephson voltage standard
Alain Rüfenacht;Charles J. Burroughs;Samuel P. Benz;Paul D. Dresselhaus
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (3)
A 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard has enabled sine waves with rms voltages up to 7 V to be accurately measured with differential sampling methods. This paper reviews the challenges and limitations of differential sampling that arise when rms voltages greater than a few volts are measured. Preliminary measurements confirmed the capability of the NIST 10 V Josephson array to perform thi...Show More
Method for ensuring accurate AC waveforms with programmable Josephson voltage standards
Charles J. Burroughs;Alain Rüfenacht;Samuel P. Benz;Paul D. Dresselhaus
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (2)
The amplitudes of stepwise-approximated sine waves generated by programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS) are not intrinsically accurate because the transitions between the quantized voltages depend on numerous conditions. We have developed a method that ensures that the total rms output voltage of arbitrary ac waveforms synthesized by the PJVS are accurate and referenced to the quantized Jo...Show More
Experimental Determination of the Voltage Lead Error in an AC Josephson Voltage Standard
Piotr S. Filipski;Michael Boecker;Samuel P. Benz;Charles J. Burroughs
The National Research Council (NRC) of Canada has recently established an alternating-current Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) system based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology pulse-driven Josephson junction arrays. This paper describes the efforts undertaken at the NRC and the experience that was gained. An experimental method of measuring corrections for the voltage probe lea...Show More
Practical Operation of Cryogen-Free Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards
R. E. Schwall;D. P. Zilz;J. Power;C. J. Burroughs;P. D. Dresselhaus;S. P. Benz
Cryogen-free operation is rapidly becoming the preferred implementation of most superconducting electronics systems including programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems. There are strong operational incentives for using the smallest possible cryocooler in order to minimize acoustic noise, system footprint, and power consumption. In addition, Nb/NbxSi1-x/Nb junction technology, which op...Show More
NIST 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard System
Charles J. Burroughs;Paul D. Dresselhaus;Alain Rufenacht;David Olaya;Michael M. Elsbury;Yi-Hua Tang;Samuel P. Benz
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed and implemented a new programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that operates at 10 V. This next-generation system is optimized for both dc metrology and stepwise-approximated ac voltage measurements for frequencies up to a few hundreds of hertz. The nonhysteretic Josephson junctions produce intrinsically stable voltages and are...Show More
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