A Mathematical Model of Infant Thermoregulation System for Investigating Heat Exchange Mechanisms: A Biological System Model

The infant mortality rate is an important indicator of maternal and infant health, as well as global health status in general. In 2018, annual infant deaths were announced at 4.0 million. The main causes must be pointed out for decreasing infant deaths and unexplained death situations (SIDS). In-fants' thermoregulation systems malfunctioning or hypothermia-hyperthermia situations are proposed as the primary or ulti-mate causes of SIDS. On these foundations, before generating a model, developed thermoregulation system models were examined. Using infant-specific parameters and more precise ambient conditions, the model depth was increased. To investigate the thermal distribution of the infant body, the infant body was divided into 7 compartments, which were then sliced into layers. The thermoregulation system of infants was simulated using thermodynamic equations and generated equations. The model's accuracy was tested by comparing its findings to those from experiments and data from the literature. The results unmistakably demonstrated that the model's data and those gathered from the real system and the literature are in good agreement.

I. Introduction

In 2020, 2.4 million infants died in their first month of life worldwide, according to a World Health Organization report [1]. This equates to approximately 6,700 infant deaths per day. Every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born prematurely (before 37 weeks of gestation), and the number is increasing [2]. More research and preventative steps are required to reduce these numbers and gain knowledge about the causes of infant mortality.