Ground penetrating radar imaging via the linear sampling method under a phase-encoded formulation

We present a ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging study using a linear sampling method (LSM) variant. The phase-encoded LSM (PE-LSM) is formulated for improved performance from limited apertures, which are relevant to GPR but challenging for conventional LSM. We demonstrate improved performance using simulated data.

I. Introduction

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a sensing modality for remotely detecting and identifying subsurface scatterers or structures (e.g., [1]–[3]). Identification of the subsurface scatterers can be enhanced by generating 2D or 3D images from the radar signal if the GPR image evinces sufficient detail and fidelity to the true target geometry.