Star Shaped Penta-Frequency Microstrip Radiating Element Design for X, C Band and Satellite Communication

Multiple slot triangular shaped penta band microstrip antenna with micro strip feed line is proposed with an additional surface parameters of 28.4×25×1.67 millimeters. FR4 is chosen as the dielectric for antenna is which has 4.4 as relative permittivity. The penta-band frequency response is obtained with the help of making triangular slots over the patch. It covers five frequency bands. Based on results, for C-Band application,5.1 to 5.3 GHz and 6.1 to 6.3 GHz obtained. For uplink satellite communication in X-band, 7.1 to 7.3 GHz obtained from results. For X-band applications 8.1 to 8.3 GHz and 10.5 to 10.7 GHz obtained. −;31 dB at 5.2 GHz, −;29 dB at 6.1 GHz, −;17 dB at 7.12 GHz, −;22 dB at 8.2 GHz, and −;28 dB at 10.7 GHz are the return losses. At all working resonant frequencies, the VSWR is less than 2. The results are obtained from simulation using CST software and it is in acceptable agreement with the calculated results.

I. Introduction

In telecommunication field, transmission and reception of any information is carried by antenna. Microstrip antenna is also named as printed antenna. This internal antenna is primarily employed in the microwave range. Micro strip antenna is a combination of metal ground, dielectric medium and a metal surface over which different shapes were created. It basically acts as a capacitor. A two-dimensional array is the most commonly used in micro strip antenna. The micro strip transmission lines connects the antenna to the transmitter or receiver [1]–[3]. Due to the simple two-dimensional physical geometry, micro strip antennas are inexpensive to manufacture. The frequency of resonance is inversely proportional to the antenna wavelength. As aresult, they're used at ultra-high and other higher frequencies. A mono-radiating element can deliver a maximum directional strength of 6–9 dBi [4]. But micro strip antenna has some limitation such as lower bandwidth, lower power handling capacity and larger ohmic losses etc., The antenna limitations can be overcome by using some of the techniques like shorting, slot loading, multilayer design, changing dimension in ground plane and multiple feeding techniques [5]–[6]. Furthermore, [7] and [8] have proposed MPAs with dual-band operations and good bandwidth characteristics for C and X-band utilization. A Trishul-shaped micro strip antenna with a rectangular slit is intended for frequency range between 1.61 and 17 GHz which lies in wide band [9]–[11]. Two half-U shaped slots, as well as rectangular slots, provide the wideband [12]. A gain of 4.2 dBi with efficiency of 78 % is obtained by C shape strip surrounding the square patch [13]–[16]. The microstrip antenna with slit loaded gives dual band. In line with these research efforts, different MPAs have been proposed for utilization in the C and X-band in the literature [10], [11]. As an illustration, according to [17], C-band and X-band covers frequencies 4 GHz to 8 GHz and 8 GHz to 12 GHz respectively. This paper proposes a star-shaped patch antenna, with comparatively superior directivity and VSWR, for C-band as well as X-band application than the existing models.