I. Introduction
WSN has the development of important network applications and there is a growing attention in the progress of routing protocols for data propagation and energy efficient mechanism for data gathering [1]. As the sensor nodes are autonomous, battery power of a sensor cannot be recharged or replaced, thus to develop the energy efficiency of the sensor nodes and to utilize the available energy, a cluster based mechanism is used for data routing which performs the data aggregation from the nodes and the cluster head will deliver this aggregated data as a single message to sink or Base station effectively [2]. The controller is the core for the wireless sensor node. A controller usually used to process all the data that are sensed or received by the receiver. The sensors are used to sense the happening in the environment. These are the actual interface to the physical world [3]. The communication device consists of the transceiver that can transmit and receive the data. The device uses the Radio frequency ranges from 433MHz and 2.4GHz [4]. The routing maintains the routing table to discover the next node to deliver the data packet towards the sink. The construction and maintenance of the routing table may be sometimes critical when the nodes are in mobility [5]. The routing table is constructed by sending and receiving the messages by the nodes. This decreases the energy and the connectivity of the nodes in the network. The base station regularly invigorates and it delivers the request when it begins the receiving data from other nodes, it happens to check that the requests are received in the network [6]. The data aggregation performance can be affected by various factors such as source node's position in the network, total amount of source and the topology of transmission area. The major concern in designing the routing algorithm is concerned with the energy and reliability [7]. The routing is performed by selecting a main and an endorsement path. The paths are selected by the flooding mechanism When there is error in the main path the endorsement path is selected for routing. The backup path is stored in the node's memory [8]. The formation of clusters is demonstrated in Fig. 1.
Formation of clusters