Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Limited Data Scenarios Using Feature Enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks

Most current rolling bearing fault diagnostic approaches presume that sufficient labeled data are available for training. However, labeled fault data collection in realistic engineering is time-consuming and expensive, whereas the majority of data available are unlabeled, restricting diagnostic performance. To alleviate the dependence of feature self-extraction model on rolling bearing fault data and improve the feature capture ability, a bearing fault diagnosis method based on feature-enhanced generative adversarial networks with an auxiliary classifier (AC-FEGAN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the non-saturating loss with gradient penalty term is introduced to circumvent the gradient vanishing and improve learning stability. Then, employing identity mapping of residual networks introduced into AC-FEGAN, representative faulty features can be automatically extracted, overcoming the restrictions of shallow convolutional neural networks in feature extraction. Simultaneously, to improve feature learning ability, the self-attention module embedded in the residual network accomplishes refined feature extraction by incorporating appropriate weight matrices into the faulty feature maps. Finally, the auxiliary classifier is employed as a pre-training model for the fault diagnosis model, with generated and unlabeled samples employed to fine-tune the auxiliary classifier to identify faulty bearings. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the quality of generated samples while eliminating the reliance of existing diagnosis methods on data volume to achieve more accurate and effective fault diagnosis.

I. Introduction

With the rapid development of modern industry and technology, the working process of rotating machinery is becoming increasingly high-speed, automatic, and intelligent [1]. Rolling bearings, as the most significant components of rotating equipment, play a key role in the functioning of rotating machinery, whose condition influences the performance, stability, and life cycle of the entire rotating machinery [2]. Consequently, accurate diagnosis of rolling bearing faults is critical for machinery equipment [3].