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Exploring Potential Applications of Quantum Computing in Transportation Modelling | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Exploring Potential Applications of Quantum Computing in Transportation Modelling


Abstract:

The idea that quantum effects could be harnessed to allow faster computation was first proposed by Feynman. As of 2020 we appear to have achieved ‘quantum supremacy’, tha...Show More

Abstract:

The idea that quantum effects could be harnessed to allow faster computation was first proposed by Feynman. As of 2020 we appear to have achieved ‘quantum supremacy’, that is, a quantum computer that performs a given task faster than its classical counterpart. This paper examines some possibilities opened up by potential future application of quantum computing to transportation simulation and planning. To date, no such research was found to exist, therefore we begin with an introduction to quantum computing for the programmers of transport models. We discuss existing quantum computing research relevant to transportation, finding developments in network analysis, shortest path computation, multi-objective routing, optimization and calibration – of which the latter three appear to offer the greater promise in future research. Two examples are developed in greater detail, (1) an application of Grover’s quantum algorithm for extracting the mean, which has general applicability towards summarizing distributions which are expensive to compute classically, is applied to an assignment or betweenness model - quantum speedup is elusive in the general case but achievable when trading speed for accuracy for limited outputs; (2) quantum optimization is applied to an activity-based model, giving a theoretically quadratic speedup. Recent developments notwithstanding, implementation of quantum transportation algorithms will for the foreseeable future remain a challenge due to space overheads imposed by the requirement for reversible computation.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems ( Volume: 23, Issue: 9, September 2022)
Page(s): 14712 - 14720
Date of Publication: 15 December 2021

ISSN Information:


I. Introduction

The idea that quantum effects could be harnessed to allow faster computation was first proposed by Feynman [1]. Fast forwarding to the present date, Google inc. has recently provided us with the first serious claim of ‘quantum supremacy’, that is, a quantum computer that performs a given task faster than its classical counterpart [2]. Whether or not these claims are validated, their theoretical possibility is unambiguously predicted by quantum mechanics, based principles which have not been overturned since their initial proposal in the 1920s despite extensive empirical testing. If, as some sceptics claim, we were to find quantum supremacy unattainable, this would in fact be an even more interesting outcome from the physicist’s point of view, as it would reveal something fundamentally new to us about the universe ([3], though note that the author of this citation considers the result likely to prevail). We live in exciting times; nonetheless, quantum computing is still in its infancy.

References

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