Contents I. Introduction
Microstrip patch has been known to the antenna community since 1953 [1] and its natural responses to the TM fields have been exploited in different ways and different forms to enjoy radiations from it as an antenna element. The ideal situation demands such a radiating element to operate in its best suited single resonant mode which indeed is next to impossible. In practice, a microstrip element supports a fundamental mode along with a few weakly generated orthogonal modes [2], [3]. The fundamental mode results in the desired broadside radiations whereas the rest weakly coupled orthogonal modes produce cross-polarized fields.
