Operation Profit Model and Strategy of Electric Vehicle Battery Exchange Station in Transportation System

Electric vehicles effectively relieve the pressure on the transportation system, and can solve problems such as energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, there are 3 main problems that restrict the development and promotion of electric vehicles in current transportation system: short cruising range, long charging time and high battery purchase cost. In order to solve the above problems, this article adopts the strategy of battery exchange station and establishes an integer programming model for the operation of battery exchange station from the perspective of operators. The model comprehensively considers the exchange fee, the number of batteries, the charging and discharging capacity and the service level of the exchange station. Lingo programming technology is adopted to analyze the model. Then, the maximum value of the corresponding profit under different parameters, the number of battery charged and discharged performed by each exchange station in each time period are obtained. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis and strategy analysis for operation profit are conducted. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed model can minimize the operator's investment risk and maximize the operation profit, while ensuring the safe and stable output of the power grid. Therefore, it can provide a strong guidance for the operator to make a reasonable operation strategy and battery management, which is crucial for the development of electric vehicle and optimization of transportation system management.

I. Introduction

With the development of transportation system, the exhaust emissions of conventional combustion engine vehicles have become one of the most important sources of environmental pollution. The promotion of electric vehicles has attracted a lot of public attention with its unique advantages [1]. Electric vehicles can effectively solve problems such as energy crisis and environmental pollution, which is a new direction for the future development of the automotive industry [2]. Although electric vehicles have great development potential in the current transportation system, there are 3 main problems that restrict the development and promotion of electric vehicles. They are short cruising range, long charging time and high battery purchase cost. The cruising range refers to the maximum mileage that an electric vehicle can travel on a one-time charge. When the user's battery is exhausted before reaching the destination, this anxiety will seriously hinder the promotion and use of electric vehicles [3]. Operators need to provide a large number of charging facilities to ensure that the cruising range meets the destination requirements, but the high construction cost will affect the operation profit of related enterprises. In addition, the development of charging technology is slow, and electric vehicles generally suffer from long charging time and low charging efficiency [4]. More seriously, the charging behavior mentioned above is highly uncertain and dangerous, which has a very complex impact on the regional traffic grid [5].