Characterization and Calibration Challenges of an K-Band Large-Scale Active Phased-Array Antenna with a Modular Architecture

In this paper, a comprehensive characterization and calibration of a K-band large scale active phased-array antenna (APAA) that consists of 1024 (32×32) radiating elements based on a modular architecture is presented. RF-channels are fully characterized inside the APAA environment using a planar near-field probe setup. A very accurate and efficient calibration technique is suggested and verified successfully over a wide range of scan angles (0 to 70 degree) and wide frequency band of 18-21 GHz.

I. Introduction

K/Ka-band High Throughput Satellite (HTS) communication system is identified as the future architecture to deliver broadband internet service, especially for remote areas coverage [1], [2]. Therefore, ongoing extensive efforts by researchers in industry and academia are aimed at developing a compact, low-profile, and cost-effective antenna solutions for K/Ka-band mobile Satellite Communication (SATCOM). Among different emerging technologies, active APAA systems can satisfy most of these requirements in emerging LEO satellite constellations as the main beam is steered electronically enabling higher speed, low latency, broadband, and high data rate in transmit and receive modes [3].