Cooperative Game Model of Delegation Computing: Verifier Separated from Calculators

In cloud computing, the delegation computation service is required because end users usually are resource-constrained, and at the same time the correctness of computing results needs to be verified. However, all the existing and available technologies have a high cost to verify which is the main problem faced by the delegation computing under the cloud platform. In order to address this issue, based on the game theory and a smart contract, we construct three protocols. The client and the calculator sign the Prisoner's Protocol to incentivize correct computation by asking the calculator to pay a deposit upfront; The client and the verifier sign the Long-acting Mechanism Protocol to ensure the validity of the verification results; The calculator and the verifier sign the Collusion Protocol to make collusion the most profitable strategy for all colluding parties. Through the combination of these protocols, the work is realized by separation the computing task and the verification task, and the heavy verification task is avoided. Finally, the performance analysis of the results shows that the combination of all the protocols not only solves the problem of verification complexity in the traditional delegation computing, but also guarantees the benefit of the honest player.

I. Introduction

In the age of big data, a large amount of data needs to be computed and stored, which easily leads to a serious shortage of local resources [1]. The emergence of cloud computing technology has well solved this problem. In the cloud computing, resource-constrained users delegate their own computing and data to the platform provided by cloud services for processing and storage, thus bringing many benefits to users [2] [3]. However, delegation computing under cloud platforms urgently needs verifiability: the cloud service providers differ from users in that their benefit may point to different directions' and users cannot trust the cloud completely. For a variety of reasons, clients often need to verify the correctness of the computing results. At the same time, the privacy of users and the correctness of the results are facing serious security challenges. Therefore, it is extremely urgent and realistic significance to introduce rational players and realize verifiable delegation task at a reasonable cost through the game theory and the smart contract.