A SPEA-Based Multimetric Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems

For efficient communication among vehicles or infrastructure, an effective routing protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems is profoundly required. Because of high mobility and recurrent topology deviations of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANets), finding a linked route with adequate delay is an important challenge with many limits and hitches. To overcome this, an efficient multimetric routing protocol is proposed here for Intelligent Transportation Systems. The proposed protocol considers five metrics - Link Capacity, Connectivity, Euclidean Distance, Relative Velocity and End-to-End Delay. The aim of the proposed method is maximizing the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) while minimizing the delay of the network. It tries to identify the path that has minimum delay, distance and relative velocity with maximum bandwidth and V2V connectivity. For this, the protocol adopts Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) to optimize the five metrics and calculate the fitness value. Then the fitness value is used to find out the optimal path using a novel path finding algorithm for efficient data delivery to the target destination. Extensive simulation outcomes disclose that the proposed strategy shows an improvement of 6% in PDR, 11% in end-to-end delay and 2% improvement in hop-count as compared to the recent similar method.

I. Introduction

Vehicular Ad-hoc networks are incipient technology nowadays which allows vehicles to connect with each other on roads. In order to accomplish communications among vehicles (V2V) or infrastructure (V2I), packets are generally transmitted between V2V or V2I to reach their anticipated destinations [1]–[3]. As a significant part of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), VANets are anticipated to perform a key role in developing road safety and traveler’s comfort by exchanging information with other vehicles or roadside units (RSUs) [4] and even with adjacent pedestrians. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has assigned 75 MHz in 5.9 GHz band for authorized Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) [5] for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANet) communication that offers high data transmission rate up to 27Mbps [6]. The Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE) devices are installed in both the onboard unit (OBU) as well as in road-side unit (RSU) [7], [8] by which they can communicate with each other [9], [10].