Contents Nomenclature
Indices and Superscripts
Abstract:
The intermittency of renewable energy makes the control of islanded microgrids more difficult than that of the grid-connected mode. In conventional methods, the controlle...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
The intermittency of renewable energy makes the control of islanded microgrids more difficult than that of the grid-connected mode. In conventional methods, the controller is designed to regulate the system frequency and voltage only based on the droop control theory. Consequently, the system frequency and voltage regulation are mostly provided by the fast response distributed generators (DGs), e.g., energy storage systems. This controller design will reduce the availability of DGs with lower droop gains for future dispatches. The main novelty of this article relies on proposing an intelligent power sharing (IPS) approach to regulate the system frequency and voltage based on DGs' operating power capabilities and their droop control gains. The communication infrastructure is involved in the proposed IPS to diminish the dependence on fast response DGs. Moreover, the IPS is equipped with an adaptive virtual impedance to reduce the impact of coupling between the active and reactive power on the voltage regulation. The performance of the controller is evaluated through different simulation studies based on a 14-bus CIGRE test system. Time-domain simulations prove the effectiveness of the IPS approach in achieving acceptable frequency and voltage regulation along with high-power sharing accuracy. Also, a small-perturbation stability analysis is developed to study the IPS control robustness under different scenarios.
Published in: IEEE Systems Journal ( Volume: 14, Issue: 4, December 2020)
Funding Agency:
References is not available for this document.
Select All
1.
T. Khalili, A. Jafari, M. Abapour and B. Mohammadi, "Optimal battery technology selection and incentive-based demand response program utilization for reliability improvement of an insular microgrid", Energy, vol. 169, pp. 92-104, Feb. 2019.
2.
N. Rezaei, A. Ahmadi, A. H. Khazali and J. M. Guerrero, "Energy and frequency hierarchical management system using information gap decision theory for islanded microgrids", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 7921-7932, Oct. 2018.
3.
T. Khalili, M. Tarafdar, S. Gassemzadeh and S. Maleki, "Optimal reliable and resilient construction of dynamic self-adequate multi-microgrids under large-scale events", IET Renewable Power Gen., vol. 13, pp. 1750-1760, Jul. 2019.
4.
L. Olatomiwa, S. Mekhilef, M. Ismail and M. Moghavvemi, "Energy management strategies in hybrid renewable energy systems: A review", Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 62, pp. 821-835, Sep. 2016.
5.
T. Khalili, S. Nojavan and K. Zare, "Optimal performance of microgrid in the presence of demand response exchange: A stochastic multi-objective model", Comput. Elect. Eng., vol. 74, pp. 429-450, Mar. 2019.
6.
A. Pappachen and A.P. Fathima, "Critical research areas on load frequency control issues in a deregulated power system: A state of the art of review", Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 72, pp. 163-177, May 2017.
7.
L. Huang et al., "Transient stability analysis and control design of droop-controlled voltage source converters considering current limitation", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 578-591, Jan. 2019.
8.
M. Farrokhabadi, C. A. Canizares and K. Bhattacharya, "Frequency control in isolated/islanded microgrids through voltage regulation", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1185-1194, May 2017.
9.
Y. Khayat et al., "On the secondary control architectures of AC microgrids: An overview", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 6482-6500, Jun. 2020.
10.
A. Maulik and D. Das, "Optimal operation of droop-controlled islanded microgrids", IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1337-1348, Jul. 2018.
11.
M. M. A. Abdelaziz, H. E. Farag and E. F. El-Saadany, "Optimum reconfiguration of droop-controlled islanded microgrids", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 2144-2153, May 2016.
12.
F. Doost Mohammadi, H. Keshtkar and A. Feliachi, "State-space modeling analysis and distributed secondary frequency control of isolated microgrids", IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 155-165, Mar. 2018.
13.
S. Roozbehani and M.Tarafdar, and S. Ghassem, "Frequency control of islanded wind-powered microgrid based on coordinated robust dynamic droop power sharing", IET Gen. Transmiss. Distrib., vol. 13, no. 21, pp. 4968-4977, Nov. 2019.
14.
J. W. Simpson-Porco, Q. Shafiee, F. Dorfler, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero and F. Bullo, "Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids via distributed averaging", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 7025-7038, Nov. 2015.
15.
M. Castilla, A. Camacho, J. Miret, M. Velasco and P. Martin, "Local secondary control for inverter-based islanded microgrids with accurate active power sharing under high-load conditions", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 2529-2539, Apr. 2019.
16.
B. John, A. Ghosh and F. Zare, "Load sharing in medium voltage islanded microgrids with advanced angle droop control", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 6461-6469, Nov. 2018.
17.
Z. Li, Z. Cheng, Y. Xu, Y. Wang, J. Liang and J. Gao, "Hierarchical control of parallel voltage source inverters in AC microgrids", J. Eng., vol. 2019, no. 16, pp. 1149-1152, Mar. 2019.
18.
T. V. Hoang and H. Lee, "An adaptive virtual impedance control scheme to eliminate the reactive power sharing errors in an islanding meshed microgrid", IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 966-976, Jun. 2018.
19.
H. Mahmood, D. Michaelson and J. Jiang, "Accurate reactive power Sharing in an islanded microgrid using adaptive virtual impedances", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1605-1617, Mar. 2015.
20.
H. Zhang, S. Kim, Q. Sun and J. Zhou, "Distributed adaptive virtual impedance control for accurate reactive power sharing based on consensus control in microgrids", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1749-1761, Jul. 2017.
21.
F. Zandi, B. Fani, I. Sadeghkhani and A. Orakzadeh, "Adaptive complex virtual impedance control scheme for accurate reactive power sharing of inverter interfaced autonomous microgrids", IET Gen. Transmiss. Distrib., vol. 12, no. 22, pp. 6021-6032, Dec. 2018.
22.
J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, L. G. de Vicuna and M. Castilla, "Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC microgrids: A general approach toward standardization", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 158-172, Jan. 2011.
23.
R. Majumder, "Some aspects of stability in microgrids", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 3243-3252, Aug. 2013.
24.
F. Mumtaz, M. H. Syed, M. A. Hosani and H. H. Zeineldin, "A novel approach to solve power flow for islanded microgrids using modified Newton Raphson with droop control of DG", IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 493-503, Apr. 2016.
25.
P. Kundur, J. B. Neal and G. L. Mark, Power System Stability and Control, New York, NY, USA:McGraw-Hill, 1994.
26.
A. J. Collin, G. Tsagarakis, A. E. Kiprakis and S. McLaughlin, "Development of low-voltage load models for the residential load sector", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2180-2188, Sep. 2014.
27.
N. Pogaku, M. Prodanovic and T. C. Green, "Modeling analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based microgrid", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 613-625, Mar. 2007.
28.
H. Liang, B. J. Choi, W. Zhuang and X. Shen, "Stability enhancement of decentralized inverter control through wireless communications in microgrids", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 321-331, Mar. 2013.
29.
X. Tang, W. Deng and Z. Qi, "Investigation of the dynamic stability of microgrid", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 698-706, Mar. 2014.
30.
P. C. Krause, Analysis of Electric Machinery, New York, NY, USA:McGraw-Hill, 1986.
