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Design Guidelines for the Perturb and Observe Technique for Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters Feeding Bridge Rectifiers | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Design Guidelines for the Perturb and Observe Technique for Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters Feeding Bridge Rectifiers


Abstract:

The most widespread architecture of ac/dc converters for resonant electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters (REVEHs) is based on a diode bridge rectifier followed by a ...Show More

Abstract:

The most widespread architecture of ac/dc converters for resonant electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters (REVEHs) is based on a diode bridge rectifier followed by a dc/dc converter. In order to maximize the power extraction from the harvester, the voltage at the output of the bridge rectifier must be regulated by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. This paper is focused on the optimization of the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT technique for REVEHs. A complete set of general guidelines leading to the proper choice of the values of the two most important parameters of this MPPT technique is provided and experimentally validated. It is experimentally confirmed that if the P&O MPPT technique is not properly and carefully customized to the particular REVEH application of interest, it may lead to very poor performance of the system.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications ( Volume: 55, Issue: 5, Sept.-Oct. 2019)
Page(s): 5089 - 5098
Date of Publication: 14 June 2019

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I. Introduction

Vibration energy harvesters [1], [2] are widely used to feed wireless sensor networks [3], [4] because they offer an alternative to batteries or at least they allow the increase of their life-time, avoiding their frequent replacement [5], [6]. This paper is focused on resonant electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters (REVEHs) [7], [8], which are typically made of a permanent magnet with a mass m linked to a spring with a stiffness ks and of a coil fixed to the REVEH housing [9], [10]. When the REVEH is subject to a vibration, the magnet moves out of phase with respect to the housing and therefore a relative displacement x(t) occurs between magnet and coil. Such a relative displacement leads to the conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy, inducing an electromotive force ε(t) in the coil and a current iAC(t) flowing into the load [11], [12]. In Fig. 1, the typical equivalent electric circuit of a REVEH [9], [10] is shown. The nomenclature of parameters shown in Fig. 1 is reported in Table I.

Equivalent electric circuit of a REVEH.

Nomenclature of the Main Parameters
Symbol Description Expression
m Mass of the permanent magnet
ks Spring stiffness
θ Electromechanical coupling coefficient
c Viscous damping coefficient
Rm Equivalent parallel resistance θ2/c
Lm Equivalent parallel inductance θ2/ks
Cm Equivalent parallel capacitance m/θ2
Rc Coil resistance
Lc Coil inductance
fresonance Harvester resonance frequency
a(t) Housing vibration acceleration
ω Vibration pulse
f Vibration frequency ω/2π
AMAX Vibration amplitude
x(t) Magnet-coil relative displacement
ε(t) Coil induced electromotive force
iAC(t) AC load current
vAC(t) AC load voltage

References

References is not available for this document.