I. Introduction
With deeply development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in recent years, a variety of types of WSNs has emerged, comprising terrestrial WSN, underground WSN, underwater WSN, multi-media WSN, and mobile WSN [1]. An important challenge of mobile WSNs is energy efficiency as well as reducing packet loss. This necessitates designing novel energy-efficient solutions, among which hierarchical (clustering) routing protocols can aid in minimizing energy consumption while supporting mobility for mobile WSNs [2].