Multi Model Image Fusion of Spine for Disc Degeneration

Degenerative Disc Disease is a condition which is both asymptomatic and causes various complications to the spine if not treated including low back pain. The lumbar region is most susceptible to this condition since it supports the trunk and distributes forces and pressure to lower body during everyday activities. This study is focused on utilizing CT Scan image of lumbar to generate a Finite Element Model of L3L4 spine segment via image processing and computer-aided engineering. The methodology used to generate the components of a motion segment is detailed in this study. Furthermore, the study also involves analysis of Range of Motion for both normal disc and mild degeneration disc. Validation of model is performed using RoM and literature values, where the model is successfully validated. RoM is also obtained for mildly degenerated disc and related comparisons between the two models are presented.

I. Introduction

The spine is a column comprised of thirty-three different vertebrae and are interconnected via endplates, intervertebral discs, muscle fibers, flexible tendons and ligaments. The column provides support for the body while creating a shielded passageway for the spinal cords and nerves. [1] The lumbar region has largest vertebrae in the column. The size of these bones is due to the function of the region which is to provide support for the body [1]. Intervertebral discs connecting these vertebra work concurrently with the vertebrae to act as a cushion which absorbs and distributes pressure due to motion. [2].