Context-aware routing protocol based on PSO for mobile WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are extensively used in several fields, especially for monitoring and gathering physical information. The sensor nodes could be static or mobile depending on the application requirements. Mobility arises major challenges especially in routing. It radically changes the routing path, while the WSNs peculiarities make reuse of designed protocols difficult especially for other types of mobile networks. In this paper, we present a Context-Aware routing protocol based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) in random waypoint (RWP) based dynamic WSNs. Finally, a case study of forest fire detection is presented as a validation of the proposed approach.

I. Introduction

Over the past decades, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received considerable interest. Such a network is composed of one or multiple sinks and a large number of sensor nodes working in uncontrolled areas [1]. WSN provides a convenient way to monitor the physical environments. Thus, it can be used for several kinds of applications such as precision agriculture, environmental control and health care. However, sensors have some limitations like low power, low treatment capacity and limited lifetime. Consequently, new challenges were raised in operations research and optimization field. Some basic optimization problems are related to topology control, scheduling, coverage, mobility and routing [2].