Improved spray & wait routing protocol for under water acoustic network

Opportunistic networks have gained popularity, when we come to conclusion that there are several things which MANET can't handle. Delay tolerant is one of the concepts of opportunistic network in which we connect those nodes which are actually not connected. In our work we are arranging nodes in a hexagonal patterns, the one main node in this pattern is moves in the fixed area i.e. the region that is covered by the ship. This node receives signals from the ship, satellite and sonar device in turn the node amplifies the received signal. Our work is conducted using Spray and wait routing protocol and enhances the protocol. The opportunistic network environment tool is used for simulation.

I. Introduction

Underwater communication is not a new area in the field of communication. Underwater communication is an approach which provides communication below water. [1] Electromagnetic waves are limited in its sphere; acoustic waves are utilized in this type of communication. As a promising technique, Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) empowers a variety of undersea applications. However, due to the unfavorable conditions of undersea environment along with certain system constraints, an underwater sensor network is usually seen as an Intermittently Connected Network (ICN) or Delay/disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) which necessitate dedicated routing protocols. UWSNs incorporate a specific set of sensors and auto devices that interrelate for data collection and execute mutual tasks for these acoustic channels for transmission are employed. Radio signals are unable to broadcast in water since underwater communications are rigorously affected by network dynamics as well as result in lower bandwidth and longer propagation delays. The optical waves not affected from high attenuation, get affected by scattering.