Review of brain tumor detection from MRI images

Today image processing plays an important role in medical field and medical imaging is a growing and challenging field. Medical imaging is advantageous in diagnosis of the disease. Many people suffer from brain tumor, it is a serious and dangerous disease. Medical imaging provides proper diagnosis of brain tumor. There are many techniques to detect brain tumor from MRI images. These methods face challenges like finding the location and size of the tumor. To detect the tumor from the brain is most important and difficult part, image segmentation is used for this. Already, various algorithms are developed for image segmentation. In this review paper we cover the basic terminologies of brain tumor and MRI images, review of various brain tumor segmentation techniques.

I. Introduction

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the test that makes use of pulses of radio wave energy and magnet to build the pictures containing the structure inside the body and the organs. A particular area of the body is placed inside the machine that contains strong magnet field at the time of MRI test. In MRI test picture obtained, is a digital image which is stored in the computer for detail study. Brain tumors are abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Some are originated in the brain itself and are termed as primary. And the one which are spread from other parts of the body to the brain through metastasis are termed as secondary. Both types are capable of potentially disabling the body parts and are also life-threatening. Because the skull has limited space inside, intracranial pressure increases as they grow, and cause Edam, which is reduction in the blood flow and displacement of the consequent degeneration of healthy tissue [1]. Why we use MRI image in brain tumor treatment? Because MRI provides detailed information about the structure of cell, vascular supply and anatomy. These things make it an important and efficient tool for the effectively diagnosing the disease as well as the treatment and monitoring of the disease [2]. MRI has become widely used in medical field, especially in brain imaging where MRI data tracks the size of brain tumor and respond to treatment accordingly [3].