Revenue metering in the presence of distortion and unbalance: myths and reality

This paper considers some indices, both those usually measured and others recently proposed, to characterize the energy consumption and to support a tariffing strategy in the presence of harmonic distortion and unbalance. It also discusses the expected uncertainty in their measurement. The main conclusion is that a single index cannot characterize the supply and loading quality; several indices and quantities must be considered in order to identify the utility's and the customers' contributions to harmonic pollution.