IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Transmission Lines

Information on the concepts of protection of ac transmission lines is presented in this guide. Applications of the concepts to accepted transmission line-protection schemes are also presented. Many important issues, such as coordination of settings, operating times, characteristics of relays, mutual coupling of lines, automatic reclosing, and use of communication channels, are examined. Special protection systems, protection of multi-terminal lines, and single-phase tripping and reclosing are also included. The impact of different electrical parameters and system performance considerations on the selection of relays and protection schemes is discussed. The purpose of this guide is to provide a reference for the selection of relay schemes and to assist less experienced protective relaying engineers in applying protection schemes to transmission lines.