1 Introduction
The vehicle is one of the most significant innovations of the past century. Its invention has had a huge impact at the social, ecological, and economic levels. The expansion of the automobile has contributed to globalization and economic growth in Europe, United States, Japan and many other parts of the world. It has also helped the expansion of suburban areas. However, it has caused many negative effects both at the social [1] and at the environmental levels [2]. This work is mainly focused on the environmental level.