Cyber-Physical-Social System Self-Organization: Ontology-Based Multi-level Approach and Case Study

This paper presents a multi-level approach for self-organization of in cyber-physical system resources. Cyber-physical system consists of physical part and cyber part. For implementation of joint actions by devices in physical part, they have to interact in cyber part. It is proposed to use the smart space technology for exchange information between these devices in cyber part of cyber-physical system. Smart Space -- is a computational environment consisting of multiple heterogeneous services (electronic and computational devices, Internet pages, data based, etc.) which has intelligent behavior, can proactively provide information taking into account current situation. Smart spaces allow unifying different levels of services, implement self-organization of services in each level, and providing politics from upper to lower level. Self-organization on every level is implemented based on ontology-based context management techniques and ontology matching method that provides semantic interoperability between interacted robots. Discussed in the paper case study solve the task of self-organization three types of robots based on politics from operation planning services and context situation in smart space. For the scenario implementation the Smart-M3 information sharing platform is used. It provides easy-to-use interfaces for information sharing through the RDF ontologies and publish / subscribe mechanism for connected services.

I. Introduction

Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSSs) tightly integrate physical, cyber, and social worlds based on interactions between these worlds in real time. CPSSs rely on communication, computation and control infrastructures commonly consisting of several levels for the three worlds with various resources as sensors, actuators, computational resources, services, humans, etc. For self-organization of cyber-physical-social system resources the smart space technology is used, which allows to provide information for sharing between different services of the system. This technology [1], [2] aims in the seamless integration of different devices by developing ubiquitous computing environments, where different services can share information with each other, make different computations and interact for joint tasks solving. The open source Smart-M3 platform [3] has been used for organization of smart space infrastructure for robots self-organization. The use of this platform enables to significantly simplify further development of the system, include new information sources and services, and to make the system highly scalable. The Smart-M3 platform consists of two main parts: information agents and kernel [4]. The kernel consists of two elements: Semantic Information Broker (SIB) and information storage. Information agents are software entities, installed on mobile devices of the smart space users and other devices, which host smart space services. These agents interact with SIB through the Smart Space Access Protocol (SSAP). The SIB is the access point for receiving the information to be stored, or retrieving the stored information. All this information is stored in the information storage as a graph that conforms to the ontology-based rules of the Resource Description Framework (RDF). For self-organization of CPSS resources it is needed to achieve semantic interoperability between them. For these purposes, an ontology matching approach is used. The paper presented approach and case study of cyber-physical-social system resources self-organization that aims at implement self-organization of resources.