I. Introduction
In this paper, a hole sensitivity formula for electromagnetic system is analytically derived so that we can raise a possibility to arrive at the global optimal design. The hole sensitivity formula is employed as a basic information to optimize its topology. When a hole is generated inside a material region, the hole sensitivity is derived using a virtual hole concept and the continuum shape sensitivity on the surface boundary of the hole. Since this hole sensitivity formula is represented in a simple closed form and has generality for any electromagnetic system, it can be usefully applied to various problems, such as shape/topology optimizations and inverse problems in the electromagnetic system.