RTT Based Wormhole Detection Using NS-3

Battery driven devices are need more routing strategy and their caring to safe against attack. WSN is also vulnerable to attack like wormhole, in which a malicious node captures packets from one location (or from intermediated path) in the network, and channelized it to the wrong direction towards another malicious node at a remote point, that recursively replays it again or start dropping. A wormhole tunnel can actually be useful if used for forwarding all the packets. However, in its malicious personification, it is used with violent nodes to suppress the correct operation of ad hoc and sensor network routing protocols. In this article a RTT estimator based wormhole detection mechanism has been proposed to identify wormhole tunneling attack in MANET. Proposed method has been evaluated and simulated using NS-3 simulator. Obtained results shows our enhance mechanisms using RTT estimator works efficiently and able to detect all the wormhole suspicious activity in wireless network. For effective simulation of wormhole, a wormhole tunnel has been create using AODV routing protocol then detection mechanism bas been enabled in conjunction with RTT estimation on the nodes.

I. Introduction

Since last two decades wireless communication has got attention due to its dynamic feature. Adhoc network is wireless network without centralized controlling i.e. without AP (Access Point). Advancement in the microelectronics and communication network glues on Adhoc network and enrich with mobility feature that's allow users to roam freely (within wireless range) without disconnect the network service named ad Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET). Thereafter various researches have been carried to enhance the MANET. Like various types of routing protocol has been develop to for achieving higher efficiency. Broadly MANET routing has been classified into two classes- proactive and reactive. In proactive, proactively route has been discovered and updated periodically even though there is nothing to send by any node, OLSR and DSDV are the well known proactive routing protocol. Second routing approach is reactive type in which route discovery has been initiated when nodes wants to data i.e. dynamic route discovery mechanism, AODV and DSR are on demand types of routing protocol. Wireless communication has one major constraint that is energy due to battery driven devices, Dynamic topology is also a great challenge. Absence of infrastructure makes it quick deployable in rescue area and in battlefield as well as invite attackers to easily exploit and disrupt the MANET operation. Various security measures have been proposed to prevent attack in MANET. Some common types of attacks that are potentially harmful are selfish node attack, black hole, green hole and wormhole. One of the most dangerous attack that alone itself to vanish the whole functionality of the MANET is wormhole detection in which most of the security detection technique has been failed viz. reputation based on packet forwarding ratio and many more. Some of the researchers have proposed security routing concept to avoid or prevent such types of attack. But they all have their own pros and cons.