Integrated optics: An introduction

This paper outlines a proposal for a miniature form of laser beam circuitry. Index of refraction changes of the order of 10⁻² or 10⁻³ in a substrate such as glass allow guided laser beams of width near 10 microns. Photolithographic techniques may permit simultaneous construction of complex circuit patterns. This paper also indicates possible miniature forms for a laser, modulator, and hybrids. If realized, this new art would facilitate isolating the laser circuit assembly from thermal, mechanical, and acoustic ambient changes through small overall size; economy should ultimately result.