I. Introduction
To facilitate cooperation and coordination of work across the organization, enterprise systems (ES) [1] have been developed to integrate computer systems that support all phases of an organization's operations. To remain competitive, many organizations have adopted enterprise systems for their mission-critical applications [2], [3]. Further, enterprise systems integrate business processes and align IT to support business strategy. To provide better support for business strategies, workflow technology [4] is essential and is threaded through the very core of the system architecture.