I. Introduction
Smartphones are close to their owners almost 24/7, longer than close friends or family. They have inherent opportunities to catch users' situations and contexts better than anyone else. Such opportunities are increasingly realized with recent integration of sensors into smartphones. Today's smartphones embed diverse sensing modules such as camera, microphone, accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS. Sensing capabilities will be further enriched with the aid of a variety of wearable sensors and nearby space-embedded ones. With such sensors, smartphones will be aware of in-situ user contexts in real-time, such as activity, location, emotion, health, and surroundings.