Contents Electrooptical modulators are key components of transmitters in optical communication systems. The electrode structures of electrooptical modulators for applications over millimeter-wave frequency ranges are usually in the form of conventional coplanar waveguides (CPWs). Such “electrical” structures present a number of unfavorable factors in the design and applications of millimeter-wave electrooptical modulators, namely, high loss and high crosstalk. Those problems are responsible for limited bandwidth and packaging difficulty. On the other hand, the state-of-the-art millimeter-wave devices including conventional lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulators are usually designed as low-pass devices with TEM-mode CPW electrodes. Unfortunately, modulation depth or bandwidth of these conventional modulators is significantly decreased at high frequencies because of optical/millimeter-wave velocity mismatch and high millimeter-wave loss [1], [2] for which the TEM mode operation does not present particular advantages.
Abstract:
Integration of an optical waveguide array using four waveguides in a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) structure and a two-layer low-loss substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure i...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Integration of an optical waveguide array using four waveguides in a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) structure and a two-layer low-loss substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is presented to propose a new class of electrooptical phase modulators. In the proposed SIW modulator, synthesized rectangular waveguide in planar form is used as “electrodes” to guide millimeter-wave signals instead of conventional coplanar waveguide (CPW) for an electrooptical modulator, thus providing low-loss non-TEM mode propagation. In this study, two layers of a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate for creating a high field interaction between the millimeter-wave and optical signals are considered and studied. Fabrication of the proposed structure by titanium diffusion in an LiNbO3 substrate as the optical waveguides and laser micromachining of the SIW via-holes has been done. The validation of our simulated results is also performed by the measurement of CPW-to-SIW transitions in the LiNbO3 substrate. Optical loss of 0.8 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1550 nm is obtained for an MZ structure using an optical waveguide array consisting of four waveguiding channels. In addition, it is shown that 5-GHz bandwidth over a 60-GHz operating frequency range can easily be obtained for the proposed modulator.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques ( Volume: 60, Issue: 2, February 2012)
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QUE, Canada
Ebrahim Mortazy (M'10) received the B.Sc. degree from Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran, in 1999, the M.Sc. degree from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 2010, all in electrical engineering.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC, Ca...Show More
Ebrahim Mortazy (M'10) received the B.Sc. degree from Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran, in 1999, the M.Sc. degree from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 2010, all in electrical engineering.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC, Ca...View more
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QUE, Canada
Mohamed Chaker received the Ph.D. degree in plasma physics from the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 1986.
In 1986, he joined the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, QC, Canada, where he was involved with laser–matter interaction plasmas and X-ray lithography, initially as a Post-Doctoral Fellow, as a Professor (1989–1992), and since 1993, as a Full Professor. From 1999 to 2004, h...Show More
Mohamed Chaker received the Ph.D. degree in plasma physics from the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 1986.
In 1986, he joined the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, QC, Canada, where he was involved with laser–matter interaction plasmas and X-ray lithography, initially as a Post-Doctoral Fellow, as a Professor (1989–1992), and since 1993, as a Full Professor. From 1999 to 2004, h...View more
Poly-Grames Research Center and Centre for Radiofrequency Electronics Research (CREER), Ecole Polytechnique de Montrèal, Montreal, QUE, Canada
Ke Wu (M'87–SM'92–F'01) is Professor of electrical engineering and the Tier-I Canada Research Chair in RF and millimeter-wave engineering with the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. He holds the first Cheung Kong endowed chair professorship (visiting) with Southeast University, the first Sir Yue-Kong Pao chair professorship (visiting) with Ningbo University, and an honorary professorship with the Nanji...Show More
Ke Wu (M'87–SM'92–F'01) is Professor of electrical engineering and the Tier-I Canada Research Chair in RF and millimeter-wave engineering with the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. He holds the first Cheung Kong endowed chair professorship (visiting) with Southeast University, the first Sir Yue-Kong Pao chair professorship (visiting) with Ningbo University, and an honorary professorship with the Nanji...View more
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QUE, Canada
Ebrahim Mortazy (M'10) received the B.Sc. degree from Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran, in 1999, the M.Sc. degree from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 2010, all in electrical engineering.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC, Canada. From 2001 to 2005, he was a faculty member with the Iran Telecommunication Research Center. His research interests are design, realization, and/or characterization of photonics/microwave thin films, components, and systems, as well as Bragg gratings, silicon photonics, optoelectronics/electrooptic devices, optical modulators, photodetectors, microwave antennas, terahertz generation, and microwave photonics.
Dr. Mortazy is a member of Professional Engineers, Ordre des ingenieurs du Quebec (OIQ). He was the recipient of a 2003 Distinguish Researcher Award. His doctorate dissertation was nominated for the 2010 Best Thesis Award.
Ebrahim Mortazy (M'10) received the B.Sc. degree from Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran, in 1999, the M.Sc. degree from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 2010, all in electrical engineering.
He is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes, QC, Canada. From 2001 to 2005, he was a faculty member with the Iran Telecommunication Research Center. His research interests are design, realization, and/or characterization of photonics/microwave thin films, components, and systems, as well as Bragg gratings, silicon photonics, optoelectronics/electrooptic devices, optical modulators, photodetectors, microwave antennas, terahertz generation, and microwave photonics.
Dr. Mortazy is a member of Professional Engineers, Ordre des ingenieurs du Quebec (OIQ). He was the recipient of a 2003 Distinguish Researcher Award. His doctorate dissertation was nominated for the 2010 Best Thesis Award.View more
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QUE, Canada
Mohamed Chaker received the Ph.D. degree in plasma physics from the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 1986.
In 1986, he joined the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, QC, Canada, where he was involved with laser–matter interaction plasmas and X-ray lithography, initially as a Post-Doctoral Fellow, as a Professor (1989–1992), and since 1993, as a Full Professor. From 1999 to 2004, he was the Director of the INRS Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications Research Center (INRS–EMT), Montréal, QC, Canada. Since 2004, he has been the Director of the Laboratory of Micro and Nanofarication (LMN), INRS–EMT. He is also the Holder of the Canada Research Chair on plasmas applied to microfabrication and nanofabrication technologies. His current research interests include the characterization of advanced plasma sources (high-density plasmas and laser-produced plasmas) for applications to thin-film synthesis, nanometer pattern transfer, nanoparticles production, and device fabrication.
Mohamed Chaker received the Ph.D. degree in plasma physics from the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 1986.
In 1986, he joined the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, QC, Canada, where he was involved with laser–matter interaction plasmas and X-ray lithography, initially as a Post-Doctoral Fellow, as a Professor (1989–1992), and since 1993, as a Full Professor. From 1999 to 2004, he was the Director of the INRS Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications Research Center (INRS–EMT), Montréal, QC, Canada. Since 2004, he has been the Director of the Laboratory of Micro and Nanofarication (LMN), INRS–EMT. He is also the Holder of the Canada Research Chair on plasmas applied to microfabrication and nanofabrication technologies. His current research interests include the characterization of advanced plasma sources (high-density plasmas and laser-produced plasmas) for applications to thin-film synthesis, nanometer pattern transfer, nanoparticles production, and device fabrication.View more
Poly-Grames Research Center and Centre for Radiofrequency Electronics Research (CREER), Ecole Polytechnique de Montrèal, Montreal, QUE, Canada
Ke Wu (M'87–SM'92–F'01) is Professor of electrical engineering and the Tier-I Canada Research Chair in RF and millimeter-wave engineering with the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. He holds the first Cheung Kong endowed chair professorship (visiting) with Southeast University, the first Sir Yue-Kong Pao chair professorship (visiting) with Ningbo University, and an honorary professorship with the Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Post Telecommunication, and City University of Hong Kong. He has been the Director of the Poly-Grames Research Center and the founding Director of the Center for Radiofrequency Electronics Research of Quebec (Regroupement stratégique of FRQNT). He has also held guest and visiting professorships with many universities around the world. He has authored or coauthored over 800 referred papers and a number of books/book chapters. He has served on the Editorial/Review Boards of many technical journals, transactions, and letters, and has been an editor or guest editor for scientific encyclopedias. He holds numerous patents. His current research interests involve substrate integrated circuits (SICs), antenna arrays, advanced computer-aided design (CAD) and modeling techniques, wireless power transmission, and development of low-cost RF and millimeter-wave transceivers and sensors for wireless systems and biomedical applications. He is also interested in the modeling and design of microwave photonic circuits and systems.
Dr. Wu is a member of the Electromagnetics Academy, Sigma Xi, and URSI. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE) and the Royal Society of Canada (The Canadian Academy of the Sciences and Humanities). He has held key positions in and has served on various panels and international committees including being the chair of Technical Program Committees, international Steering Committees, and international conferences/symposia. He will be the general chair of the 2012 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium (IMS). He is currently the chair of the joint IEEE chapters of MTTS/APS/LEOS, Montréal, QC, Canada. He is an IEEE MTT-S Administrative Committee (AdCom) member (2006–2015) and has been the chair of the IEEE MTT-S Member and Geographic Activities (MGA) Committee. He is an IEEE MTT-S Distinguished Microwave Lecturer (2009–2011). He was the recipient of many awards and prizes including the first IEEE MTT-S Outstanding Young Engineer Award, 2004 Fessenden Medal of the IEEE Canada, and 2009 Thomas W. Eadie Medal of the Royal Society of Canada.
Ke Wu (M'87–SM'92–F'01) is Professor of electrical engineering and the Tier-I Canada Research Chair in RF and millimeter-wave engineering with the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. He holds the first Cheung Kong endowed chair professorship (visiting) with Southeast University, the first Sir Yue-Kong Pao chair professorship (visiting) with Ningbo University, and an honorary professorship with the Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Post Telecommunication, and City University of Hong Kong. He has been the Director of the Poly-Grames Research Center and the founding Director of the Center for Radiofrequency Electronics Research of Quebec (Regroupement stratégique of FRQNT). He has also held guest and visiting professorships with many universities around the world. He has authored or coauthored over 800 referred papers and a number of books/book chapters. He has served on the Editorial/Review Boards of many technical journals, transactions, and letters, and has been an editor or guest editor for scientific encyclopedias. He holds numerous patents. His current research interests involve substrate integrated circuits (SICs), antenna arrays, advanced computer-aided design (CAD) and modeling techniques, wireless power transmission, and development of low-cost RF and millimeter-wave transceivers and sensors for wireless systems and biomedical applications. He is also interested in the modeling and design of microwave photonic circuits and systems.
Dr. Wu is a member of the Electromagnetics Academy, Sigma Xi, and URSI. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE) and the Royal Society of Canada (The Canadian Academy of the Sciences and Humanities). He has held key positions in and has served on various panels and international committees including being the chair of Technical Program Committees, international Steering Committees, and international conferences/symposia. He will be the general chair of the 2012 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium (IMS). He is currently the chair of the joint IEEE chapters of MTTS/APS/LEOS, Montréal, QC, Canada. He is an IEEE MTT-S Administrative Committee (AdCom) member (2006–2015) and has been the chair of the IEEE MTT-S Member and Geographic Activities (MGA) Committee. He is an IEEE MTT-S Distinguished Microwave Lecturer (2009–2011). He was the recipient of many awards and prizes including the first IEEE MTT-S Outstanding Young Engineer Award, 2004 Fessenden Medal of the IEEE Canada, and 2009 Thomas W. Eadie Medal of the Royal Society of Canada.View more
