Damping modelling in transformer energization studies for system restoration: Some standard models compared to field measurements

This paper deals with damping modeling for transformer energization studies for system restoration purposes. A review of some of the literature recommendations for these studies is presented. Then, several damping models for generators, lines and transformers are benchmarked by means of simulation vs. field test measurements comparison. For the field test case considered, results show that simple models are as accurate as the more sophisticated frequency-dependent ones. A technique for automatized benchmark has been used that could be applied to other field test cases in order to draw general conclusions.

I. Introduction

After a complete or partial blackout, power system restoration involves energizing no-load transformers, either transmission system transformers or auxiliary transformers of power plants.