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DC-link Voltage Control of a Full Power Converter for Wind Generator Operating in Weak-Grid Systems

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Abstract:

When the wind power accounts for a large portion of the grid power, it may need to help the grid voltage and frequency regulation. This paper investigates a permanent-ma...Show More

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Abstract:

When the wind power accounts for a large portion of the grid power, it may need to help the grid voltage and frequency regulation. This paper investigates a permanent-magnet wind generator with a full power voltage-source converter in weak-grid mode, where the dc-link voltage needs to be controlled from the generator side instead of the grid side. The energy relationship of the wind generator, dc-link energy storage, and load is established. An intrinsic right-half-plane zero, together with the wind power characteristics, the mechanical system inertia, and the dc-link energy storage, is identified as the physical limitations for the control. With the understanding of the system energy relationship and limitations, a hybrid adaptive control algorithm is proposed that searches for the optimal generator acceleration to achieve the maximum wind generator power change rate to match the load power variation. The proposed control scheme is verified through simulation of a 1.5-MW wind system as well as through the experiment of a scaled 1-kW, DSP-/field-programmable-gate-array-controlled, permanent-magnet-generator-based test bed. The results show that it is feasible to regulate dc link by the generator-side converter through the generator speed control. Some important applications issues are also investigated, including the dc-link energy storage requirement, wind speed change impact, and control transition between the weak-grid and strong-grid modes.

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics ( Volume: 24, Issue: 9, September 2009)

Page(s): 2178 - 2192

Date of Publication: 11 August 2009

ISSN Information:

DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2022082

Xibo Yuan

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

National Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Xibo Yuan (S’09) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, in 2005. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

From 2007 to 2008, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. His curr...Show More

From 2007 to 2008, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. His curr...View more

Fei Wang

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Fei (Fred) Wang (S’87–M’91–SM’99) received the B.S. degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, in 1982, 1985, and 1990, respectively, all in electrical engineering.

From 1990 to 1992, he was a Research Scientist with the Electric Power Laboratory, University of Southern California. In 1992, he joined the GE Power Systems Engin...Show More

From 1990 to 1992, he was a Research Scientist with the Electric Power Laboratory, University of Southern California. In 1992, he joined the GE Power Systems Engin...View more

Dushan Boroyevich

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Dushan Boroyevich (S’83–M’85–SM’03–F’06) received the Dipl. Ing. degree from the University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, in 1976, the M.S. degree from the University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, in 1986.

From 1986 to 1990, he was an Assistant Professor and the Director of the Power and Industrial Electron...Show More

From 1986 to 1990, he was an Assistant Professor and the Director of the Power and Industrial Electron...View more

Yongdong Li

National Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Yongdong Li (M’08) was born in Hebei, China. He received the B.S.E.E. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 1982, and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, in 1984 and 1987, respectively.

From 1988 to 1990, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher from 1988 to 1990 with the Department of Electrical Engine...Show More

From 1988 to 1990, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher from 1988 to 1990 with the Department of Electrical Engine...View more

Rolando Burgos

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Rolando Burgos (S’96–M’03) received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering, the Electronics Engineering Professional Degree, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile, in 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2002 respectively.

In 2002, he joined the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Black...Show More

In 2002, he joined the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Black...View more

Contents

I. Introduction

Today, while most wind power is transferred to the grid via variable-speed doubly fed induction generators in large wind turbines, the permanent-magnet generator (PMG) interfaced to the grid through a full power converter is being increasingly adopted due to its higher power density and better controllability, especially so during grid faults [1]–[5]. Full power conversion schemes can use various popular ac–ac converter topologies [6]–[8]. Fig. 1 shows a typical full power wind converter based on the back-to-back two-level voltage-source converter (VSC) topology. In normal grid-connected operation, when wind power is relatively a small portion of a strong grid, the grid-side converter is used to regulate the dc-link voltage while the generator-side converter regulates the PMG speed to achieve the desired power transfer under a given wind condition [9]–[16]. This is normally achieved following the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme [17]–[20]. Fig. 1.

PMG-based wind system with full power VSC.

Fig. 2.

Basic dc-link voltage control scheme.

Xibo Yuan

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

National Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

From 2007 to 2008, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. His current research interests include wind power generation, control of multilevel converters, and sensorless drive of induction motor and permanent-magnet motor.

Fei Wang

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

From 1990 to 1992, he was a Research Scientist with the Electric Power Laboratory, University of Southern California. In 1992, he joined the GE Power Systems Engineering Department, Schenectady, NY, as an Application Engineer. From 1994 to 2000, he was a Senior Product Development Engineer with GE Industrial Systems, Salem, VA. During 2000–2001, he was the Manager of Electronic and Photonic Systems Technology Laboratory, GE Global Research Center, Schenectady, NY, and Shanghai, China. In 2001, he joined the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, where he is currently the Technical Director and an Associate Professor. His research interests include power electronics, power systems, controls, electric machines, and motor drives.

Dushan Boroyevich

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

From 1986 to 1990, he was an Assistant Professor and the Director of the Power and Industrial Electronics Research Program, Institute for Power and Electronic Engineering, University of Novi Sad, where he later became the Head. He then joined the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, as an Associate Professor, where he is currently the American Electric Power Professor and the Co-Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES). His research interests include multiphase power conversion, electronic power distribution systems, power electronics systems modeling and control, and multidisciplinary design optimization.

Prof. Boroyevich is a recipient of the IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Technical Field Award.

Prof. Boroyevich is a recipient of the IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Technical Field Award.View more

Yongdong Li

National Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

From 1988 to 1990, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher from 1988 to 1990 with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, where he was an Associate Professor from 1991 to 1996, has been a Professor since 1996, and is also with the Laboratory of Power Electronics and Motor Control. During 1995, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan. From June to December 1996, he was a Visiting Professor with Virginia Power Electronics Center (VPEC), Virginia Polytechnique Institute and State University. During 2002, he was an Invited Professor of the Institute National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France. His research interests include control theories, real-time implementation, sensorless drives and applications of vector and direct torque control of ac motors, wind power generation, medium-voltage high-power inverter for motor drives, and active power filter application. He has authored or coauthored more than 200 conference and journal papers, and two monographs on digital control of ac motor and multilevel converter.

Prof. Li is a Senior Member of the China Electro-Technique Society, the Vice Chairman of the China Power Electronics Society, the Vice Chairman of the Electrical Automation Committee of China Automation Association.

Rolando Burgos

Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

In 2002, he joined the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, as a Postdoctoral Fellow, where he was a Research Scientist from 2003 to 2005, and a Research Assistant Professor at the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering from 2005 to 2009. In 2009, he joined the ABB United States Corporate Research Center, Raleigh, NC, where he is currently a Power Electronics Consulting R&D Engineer. His research interests include multiphase power conversion, stability of ac and dc power electronics systems, hierarchical modeling, control theory, and the synthesis of power electronics conversion systems.

Dr. Burgos is a member of the IEEE Power Electronics Society, the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, and the IEEE Industry Applications and Power Engineering Society, and is currently the Secretary of the Committee on Simulation, Modeling and Control of the Power Electronics Society.

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DC-link Voltage Control of a Full Power Converter for Wind Generator Operating in Weak-Grid Systems

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DC-link Voltage Control of a Full Power Converter for Wind Generator Operating in Weak-Grid Systems

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