Mathematical Modelling of Droplet Atomization Using the Population Balance Equation

This study investigates numerically the atomization process occurring in a plain jet airblast atomizer. The population balance equation is solved for the dispersed phase coupled with a CFD Eulerian multi-fluid model. The Sauter mean diameter values obtained numerically compare favorably with previous experimental data only at certain flow conditions. Finally, this study proposes some enhancements on using the numerical model which were revealed from the model formulation and the results obtained.

I. Introduction

Atomization is a vital process in most combustion systems. It can be described as a procedure in which bulk liquid is converted into small droplets. The resulting droplets are characterized by a mean diameter called the Sauter mean diameter (SMD). Values of SMD impact the combustion efficiency significantly, for instance, droplets with very low SMD values will tend to evaporate instantly and contribute to the increase of NOx emissions. On the other hand, High SMD values will perform as a source for particulate formation.