Contents Photon counting is useful in space-based imagers wherever quantitative light-intensity evaluation is necessary. Various types of radiation, from cosmic rays to high-energy proton beams to gamma radiation, have an effect on the functionality and accuracy of imagers and the literature is extensive [1], [2]. Techniques to maximize sensor tolerance have also been developed for a number of years and several imagers resistant to up to 30Mrad (Si) of gamma radiation have been reported. These sensors have several shortcomings: either significant noise performance degradation, up to several orders of magnitude [2], or unacceptably high pre-radiation noise levels [3]. In addition, many radiation-tolerant sensors use dedicated processes, thus possibly limiting their suitability for mass-market applications [4].
Abstract:
Photon counting is useful in space-based imagers wherever quantitative light-intensity evaluation is necessary. Various types of radiation, from cosmic rays to high-energ...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
Photon counting is useful in space-based imagers wherever quantitative light-intensity evaluation is necessary. Various types of radiation, from cosmic rays to high-energy proton beams to gamma radiation, have an effect on the functionality and accuracy of imagers and the literature is extensive [1,2]. Techniques to maximize sensor tolerance have also been developed for a number of years and several imagers resistant to up to 30Mrad (Si) of gamma radiation have been reported. These sensors have several shortcomings: either significant noise performance degradation, up to several orders of magnitude [2], or unacceptably high pre-radiation noise levels [3]. In addition, many radiation-tolerant sensors use dedicated processes, thus possibly limiting their suitability for mass-market applications [4].
Date of Conference: 08-12 February 2009
Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 29 May 2009
Print ISBN:978-1-4244-3458-9
ISSN Information:
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1.
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2.
El-Sayed Eid et al., "Design and Characterization of Ionizing Radiation-Tolerant APS Image Sensors up to 30 Mrd (Si) Total Dose", IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1796- 1806, Dec. 2001.
3.
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4.
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N. Scheidegger, H. Shea, E. Charbon, E. Rugi-Grond, "Earth Sensing for FDIR Feasibility Assessment", Final report of ESA contract ESA-ESTEC 20267/06/NL/JA, 2008.
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C. Niclass, M. Sergio, and E. Charbon, "A Single-photon Avalanche Diode Array Fabricated in 0.35μm CMOS and Based on an Event-Driven Readout for TCSPC Experiments", Proc. SPIE, vol. 6372, Oct. 2006.
7.
C. Niclass et al., "A 128x128 Single-Photon Imager with on-Chip Column-Level 97ps 10bit Time-to-Digital-Converter Array", ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 44-45, Feb. 2008.
