Overview of the application of High Altitude Platform (HAP) systems in future telecommunication networks

This paper presents an overview of the existing high altitude platform (HAP) systems, and analyzes their application on different network types, such as two way (hybrid) communication networks, intelligent transportation systems, environmental monitoring, etc. Since HAPs have specific inherent advantages, their use can be widespread in future applications and networks. This paper focuses on the technological issues that are related to HAP systems and the possible ways through which they can be interconnected to other networks (terrestrial or satellite).

I. Introduction

The increasing demand for fixed broadband services and mobile networks has led to the successful development of terrestrial and satellite communication systems [1]. During the last few years and in parallel to the development of the aforementioned systems, a new technology, which is based on High Altitude Platform(s) stations (more commonly known as HAPs), has started to emerge. HAPs are quasi-stationary airships or aircrafts operating in the stratosphere at an altitude of up to 22 km. This novel communication platform has many advantages compared to terrestrial and satellite communications, e.g., large coverage area (compared with an individual terrestrial cell) and, low cost in launch and maintenance (compared with the satellite communications) [2].